Emergence of psychology as science

• How are the humanists linked to emergence of science?


  •(1950s) rejected behaviourists & psychodynamic, thought behaviour was freely chosen

  
  

  - inconsistent with scientific approaches with causal conclusions,

  Maslow & Rogers case studies were unscientific due to subjectivity
• How is SLT, Biological and cognitive neuroscience linked to emergence of science?


  • Bandura, bridge between cognitive and behaviourism

  
  

  •bio arose as technological advancements, e.g. brain-scanning methods (1980s)

  
  

  • bridge between bio and cognitive, mental processes studied more objectively
• What's the paradigm of psychology and are there paradigm shifts?


  -some think psychology is pre-science due to amount of disagreement, e.g. many assumptions on causes of behaviour & many research methods involved, paradigm not emerged yet

  
  

  -but, psychology has progressed through paradigm shifts, should be seen as a science
• How is Wundt linked to emergence as science?


  •he set up first psychology lab & promoted introspections to study mental processes (1870s)

  
  

  -standardised methods, later adopted by scientific approaches e.g. behaviourist, forerunner of cognitive
• How is psychodynamic linked to emergence as science?


  • (1900s) shift to psychodynamic view, Freud focused on unconscious mind, determines behaviour, research method moved to case studies

  
  

  -unconscious, hard to oppose things like Oedipus complex, lacks falsifiability: lacks science & replicability
• How are the behaviourists linked to emergence as science?


  • paradigm shift to universal laws, behaviourist approach, how we should learn

  
  

  -objectivity focus, psychology emerges more as a science, e.g. Pavlov measured saliva from dog by removing saliva duct to test theory of classical conditioning
• How is cognitive linked to emergence of science?


  •(1960s) mind viewed like a computer, mental processes reintroduced

  
  

  -inferences made on people's thoughts based off behaviour in labs, Wundt used more scientific approach: thoughts unable to be directly observed, experiment is biased (21c)