biological molecules MOCKS

• what is a monomer?


  small units which can create larger molecules.
• what is a polymer?


  made from lots of monomers bonded together.
• what are examples of monomers?

  glucose, amino acids and nucleotides.
• what are examples of polymers?


  starch, cellulose, glycogen, protein, DNA and RNA
• what does glucose create?


  starch, cellulose and glycogen
• what do amino acids create?


  protein
• what do nucleotides create?


  DNA and RNA
• what is a condensation reaction?


  joining 2 molecules creating a chemical bond and removing water. monomer --> polymer.
• what is a hydrolysis reaction?


  breaks a chemical bond between 2 molecules and involved the use of water. polymer --> monomer.
• what do carbohydrates contain?


  carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• what is a monosaccharide?


  1 sugar unit
• what is a disaccharide?


  2 sugar units
• what is a polysaccharide?


  many sugar units
• what are the examples of monosaccharides?


  glucose, fructose and galactose.
• what are the examples of disaccharide?


  sucrose, maltose and lactose.
• what are the examples of polysaccharides?


  starch, cellulose and glycogen.
• what is the formula for glucose?

  C6H1206
• write the diagram for alpha glucose?


  alpha glucose has the hydrogen top right.

  
• write the diagram for beta glucose?


  beta glucose has the hydrogen bottom right.

  
• what are isomers?


  same molecular formula but different structure.
• what are the isomers of glucose?


  alpha abd beta glucose.
• what is a disaccharide made of?


  2 monosaccharides.
• what bond joins a disaccharide?


  a glycosidic bond.
• what forms a disaccharide?


  a condensation reaction.
• what is the word equation that forms maltose?

  glucose + glucose --> maltose + water
• what is the word equation for lactose?


  glucose + galactose --> lactose + water
• what is the word equation for sucrose?


  glucose + fructose --> sucrose + water
• how are polysaccharides formed?


  by condensation reactions between many glucose monomers.
• where is starch found?

  plant cells - chloroplast
• what does starch do?


  stores glucose in plants
• what does cellulose do?


  structural support in plants
• where is cellulose found?


  in plants
• where is glycogen found?


  in animals
• what does glycogen do?


  stores glucose in animals
• what sort of glucose does starch contain?


  alpha glucose
• how many polymers does starch have?


  2 polymers
• what are the 2 starch polymers?

  • amylose
  • amylopectin
• what is amylose?


  an unbranched helix.
• what is amylopectin?


  a branched molecule
• how does starch's structure help its function?

  • helix can compact to fit lots of glucose in a small space.
  • branched structure increases SA so rapid hydrolysis back to glucose.
  • insoluble so won't affect water potential.