self-report methods

• What are the two types of interview design mentioned?

  Structured and unstructured
• Is a structured interview easy to replicate?

  Yes
• Does a structured interview produce data that is easy to analyze with a statistical test?

  Yes
• Does a structured interview allow the researcher flexibility?

  No
• Are investigator effects more likely with structured interviews?

  No
• Why might a researcher choose a structured interview over an unstructured interview?

  To ensure consistency and ease of analysis
• What are the strengths of unstructured interviews?

  • Easy to replicate due to standardized format
  • Produces quantitative data for easier statistical analysis
  • Allows flexibility for clarification and rich qualitative data
  • Reduces investigator effects
• What are the limitations of structured interviews?

  • Inflexibility prevents clarification of meaning
  • Investigator effects may arise over multiple interviews
  • More difficult to replicate due to lack of standardization
  • Data analysis is complex without content analysis
• What is the definition of interviews as a self-report method?

  Interviews are a type of self-report technique where participants respond to questions asked by the interviewer.
• What types of questions can be asked in interviews?

  Closed and open questions
• What is an interview schedule?

  An interview schedule is a list of pre-determined questions asked in the same order for each interviewee.
• How are answers recorded in structured interviews?

  Answers are recorded by taking notes or ticking boxes on the schedule.
• What is the purpose of retrieval cues in interviews?

  To guide the discussion and gather specific information from participants.
• How do unstructured interviews differ from structured interviews?

  Unstructured interviews allow for free-flowing conversation without predetermined questions.
• What is the main aim of unstructured interviews?

  To gather opinions without prepared questions, allowing for diverse topics to emerge.
• What are the two types of questionnaire design mentioned?

  Open and closed questions
• Do closed questions produce responses that are easy to compare?

  Yes
• Do closed questions allow for detailed insights into behavior?

  No
• Can open questions lead to unexpected responses?

  Yes
• What are the strengths of closed questions in questionnaires?

  • Easy to compare responses
  • Easier statistical analysis due to quantitative data
• What are the limitations of open questions in questionnaires?

  • Lack of detail may limit insights into behavior
  • Difficult to compare responses due to unrestricted answers
  • Harder statistical analysis as qualitative data needs conversion
• What is the definition of a questionnaire?

  A questionnaire involves a pre-set list of written questions used to gain information about a topic.
• What is the purpose of distractor questions in questionnaires?

  To reduce the likelihood of participants altering their answers and control for demand characteristics.
• What are fixed choices in questionnaires?


  Participants have a set list of responses to choose from.
• What is a Likert scale?

  A Likert scale is a fixed choice response format ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree."
• What is an example of a closed question?

  "Made in Chelsea is the best reality TV programme: Strongly agree, Agree, Not sure, Disagree, Strongly disagree."
• What is an example of an open question?

  "How do you feel about Made in Chelsea the TV programme?"
• What should you remember when writing closed questions for an exam?

  • State the options available for responses
  • Ensure clarity in the question
• What should you remember when writing open questions for an exam?

  • Clearly indicate that it is an open question
  • Allow for a range of responses