History-Cold war-Cuba

• Who rose to power in Cuba in 1959?

  Fidel Castro
• Was the Cuban Revolution initially a communist revolution?

  No, it was not initially a communist revolution
• How far is Cuba situated from the coast of the USA?

  90 miles
• What were the key events of the Cuban Revolution in May 1959?

  • Castro rationalised all Cuban industry, including oil refineries.
  • Many oil refineries were owned by the USA.
• What did Castro offer to the USA regarding the land he nationalised?

  He offered to pay compensation
• How did the USA respond to Castro's nationalisation of land?

  The USA refused to recognise the compensation scheme
• What action did the US take in response to Castro's nationalisation?

  The US refused to buy Cuban sugar
• Who agreed to buy Cuban sugar in February 1960?

  Khrushchev
• What was included in the secret clause of the agreement between Khrushchev and Castro?

  Cuba would receive arms from the USSR
• What significant change occurred in Castro's government in 1960?

  Castro began bringing communists into his government
• Why was the USA concerned about Cuba in 1960?

  Because a pro-Soviet country was close to the USA
• What happened in January 1961 regarding US-Cuba relations?

  The USA broke off all diplomatic relations with Cuba
• What was the effect of the USA breaking off relations with Cuba?

  Tension increased
• What did the USSR establish close to the USA's border?

  An ally in Cuba
• What was the implication of Castro and Khrushchev's deal regarding weapons?

  War was more likely
• What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  Castro's position was stronger
• What happened when the exile army invaded Cuba?

  They were met by a Cuban army of 20,000
• What was the plan for the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  • 1400 Cuban exiles would invade Cuba.
  • They were trained and armed by the USA.
  • The USA believed the Cuban people would support the uprising.
• What was the result of the invasion at the Bay of Pigs?

  The exile army was easily defeated
• What did Castro announce in 1961 after the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  Cuba was now communist
• What did the USSR begin sending to Cuba after the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  Advisors, technology, and weapons
• What was the effect of the Bay of Pigs invasion on US-Cuba relations?

  War was more likely
• How did Kennedy appear after the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  He appeared weak
• What was the consequence of the Bay of Pigs invasion for Kennedy?

  He was humiliated
• What were the consequences of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

  • Strengthened Castro's position.
  • Made the USA look aggressive.
  • Strengthened the relationship between Castro and the USSR.
• What significant event occurred on 14 October 1962?

  A U2 spy plane photographed missile sites in Cuba
• What action did Kennedy take in response to the missile sites in Cuba?

  He placed a blockade around Cuba
• What did Kennedy anticipate the Soviet ships were carrying?

  Nuclear weapons
• How did Kennedy communicate the situation to the country?

  He announced the risk of war
• What happened when the Soviet ships arrived at the blockade?

  They turned around
• What did Kennedy prepare to do if the USSR persisted?

  Invade Cuba
• What deal did Khrushchev propose to Kennedy?

  Remove missiles if the USA promised not to invade Cuba
• What was kept secret in the deal between Kennedy and Khrushchev?

  The removal of US missiles from Turkey
• What were the tensions during and after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  During:

  • Tension increased.
  • War was more likely.

  
  

  After:

  • Tension decreased.
  • War was less likely.
• How did Kennedy and Khrushchev appear after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  Kennedy appeared strong, Khrushchev appeared weak
• What were the consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  • Kennedy was seen as a strong negotiator.
  • Khrushchev was criticized for backing down.
  • Both sides realized the risk of nuclear war.
  • Treaties were signed to reduce tension.
• What treaties were signed after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  • Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
  • Outer Space Treaty (1967)
  • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)
• What was the effect of the treaties signed after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

  Tension decreased and war was less likely
• What was the significance of the hotline set up in June 1963?

  • It established direct communication between Washington and Moscow.
  • Aimed to prevent misunderstandings that could lead to war.
• What was the start of détente?

  • The improving relationship between the USA and USSR.
  • Willingness to negotiate and discuss key areas.