2014

• What is caramelisation in relation to carbohydrates?

  It is the process of heating sugars to create a brown color and distinct flavor.
• What is crystallisation in relation to carbohydrates?

  It is the formation of solid crystals from a solution of sugar as it cools.
• What are the digestive organs involved in lipid digestion?

  • Small Intestine
• What is the primary enzyme involved in lipid digestion in the small intestine?

  lipase
• What is haem iron?

  It is iron found in animal products that is easily absorbed by the body.
• What is a food source of haem iron?

  Red meat
• What is non-haem iron?

  It is iron found in plant-based foods that is less readily absorbed.
• What is a food source of non-haem iron?

  Beans
• What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?


  It is the rate at which the body expends energy at rest to maintain vital functions.
• Name one factor that determines a person’s basal metabolic rate.

  Age
• Name another factor that determines a person’s basal metabolic rate.

  Gender
• What is the primary function of a national agency in the Irish Food Industry?

  To ensure food safety and quality standards are met.
• What is one classification of cheese?

  Soft cheese
• Give an example of soft cheese.

  Brie
• What is a functional food?

  It is a food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
• Name one health benefit of including functional foods in the diet.

  Improved heart health
• Name another health benefit of including functional foods in the diet.

  Enhanced immune function
• What are the uses of micro-organisms in food production?

  • Lactic acid bacteria: Fermentation of dairy products
  • Lactobacillus bulgaricus: Used in yogurt production
  • Yeast: Used in bread making
• What is Pay Related Social Insurance (PRSI)?

  It is a social insurance scheme that provides benefits to workers in Ireland.
• Name one PRSI benefit.

  Jobseeker's benefit
• Name another PRSI benefit.

  Illness benefit
• What is one feature of current National Housing Policy in Ireland?

  Focus on increasing affordable housing supply.
• Name another feature of current National Housing Policy in Ireland.

  Support for social housing initiatives.
• What is a fire/flame retardant finish used on household furnishings?

  Chemical flame retardants
• What is one effect of a fire/flame retardant finish?

  It reduces the flammability of the material.
• What is another effect of a fire/flame retardant finish?

  It may alter the texture of the material.
• How can consumers contribute to sustainable waste management?

  By reducing, reusing, and recycling materials.
• Name one way consumers can contribute to sustainable waste management.

  Composting organic waste
• Name another way consumers can contribute to sustainable waste management.

  Using reusable bags