History-Cold war-Hungary and Prague

• What was Hungary considered since 1948?

  A satellite state
• What were some of the conditions in Hungary before the uprising?

  Little freedom, low standards of living, and economic difficulties
• Who replaced Rakosi after he was overthrown?

  Imre Nagy
• What triggered the protests in Hungary in 1956?

  Food and fuel shortages
• What reforms did Imre Nagy introduce?

  Freedom of press and speech, trade with the West, free elections, and leaving the Warsaw Pact
• What action did Khrushchev take on November 4, 1956?

  Invaded Hungary with 1000 tanks and 20,000 troops
• How many people died during the fighting against Soviet troops in Hungary?

  20,000 people
• What happened to Imre Nagy after the uprising?

  He was arrested and replaced by Kadar
• What message did Khrushchev send to the West regarding the Warsaw Pact?

  Leaving the Warsaw Pact would not be tolerated
• What realization did the USSR come to after the Hungarian uprising?

  Containment did not extend to existing satellite states
• How did the Hungarian uprising affect tensions between the USA and the USSR?

  Tensions increased due to the USSR's aggressive actions
• What was the likelihood of war after the Hungarian uprising?

  War was less likely as the USA would not intervene in satellite states
• How did Khrushchev's actions affect his image?

  Khrushchev appeared strong for crushing the uprising
• How did Eisenhower's actions during the Hungarian uprising affect his image?

  Eisenhower appeared weak for not supporting the uprising
• What was the Czech government under in 1948?

  The control of the USSR
• Who came to power in Czechoslovakia after protests in January 1948?

  Alexander Dubcek
• What was the Prague Spring?

  The reforms introduced by Dubcek to make communism more appealing
• What did Dubcek's reforms include?

  Reducing the power of the secret police, encouraging trade with the West, and relaxing censorship
• What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

  No country would be allowed to threaten the stability of communism
• What happened in August 1968 in Czechoslovakia?

  500,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia
• How many people died during the invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  100 people
• What happened to Dubcek after the invasion?

  He was arrested and ousted
• How did the USA respond to the invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  They condemned the invasion but did not act
• What did the lack of action from the USA during the invasion indicate to Brezhnev?

  The West would not risk war over Eastern Europe
• What was the likelihood of war between the USA and USSR after the Czechoslovakia invasion?

  War was less likely as the USA did not intervene
• How did Brezhnev's actions affect his image?

  Brezhnev appeared strong for suppressing the reforms
• What were the main causes of the Hungarian uprising in 1956?

  • Hungary was a satellite state under Rakosi
  • Little political freedom and low living standards
  • Economic difficulties due to Comecon
  • No freedom of speech
• What were the main events of the Hungarian uprising in 1956?

  1. Protests about food and fuel shortages
  2. Rakosi was overthrown and replaced by Imre Nagy
  3. Nagy introduced reforms (freedom of press, trade with the West, free elections, leaving the Warsaw Pact)
  4. Soviet invasion on November 4, 1956
• What were the consequences of the Hungarian uprising?

  • 20,000 people died
  • 200,000 fled to the West
  • Nagy was arrested and replaced by Kadar
  • USSR's message to the West about the Warsaw Pact
  • Increased confidence for Khrushchev
• What were the main causes of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  • Czech government under USSR control
  • No freedom of speech or press
  • Declining living standards
  • Alexander Dubcek's rise to power and reforms
• What were the main events of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  1. Brezhnev's concerns about Dubcek's reforms
  2. Negotiations failed
  3. Invasion by 500,000 Warsaw Pact troops in August 1968
  4. Little opposition from the Czech army
• What were the consequences of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  • Dubcek was arrested and ousted
  • Hard-line communist government installed
  • Brezhnev Doctrine announced
  • USA condemned the invasion but did not act