Humanistic

• What does the Humanistic approach emphasize in understanding behavior?

  The importance of subjective experience and self-determination
• What is the concept of free will in the Humanistic approach?

  Humans can make choices and are not determined by external factors
• How do Humanistic psychologists view scientific models of behavior?

  They reject scientific models that establish general principles
• What is self-actualization?

  The desire to grow psychologically and fulfill one’s full potential
• What must occur for self-actualization to take place?

  All four lower levels of needs must be met
• What does personal growth involve according to the Humanistic approach?

  Developing and changing as a person to become fulfilled and goal-oriented
• What did Rogers argue is necessary for personal growth?

  Congruence between the self and the ideal self
• What happens if there is a large gap between the self and the ideal self?

  The person will experience incongruence and negative feelings
• What are conditions of worth?

  Limits or boundaries placed by parents on their love for their children
• What is a cultural bias in the Humanistic approach?

  It is more applicable to individualist cultures than collectivist cultures
• How do Humanists view reductionism?

  They reject reductionism and advocate for holism
• Why is the Humanistic approach considered to have more validity than its alternatives?

  It considers meaningful human behavior within its real-life context
• What do humanistic psychologists emphasize in their approach?

  Looking at individuals as a whole and considering a range of influences
• How does humanistic psychology view free will compared to other psychological approaches?

  It suggests that humans have free will over their actions
• What is the implication of humanistic psychology rejecting general laws of behavior?

  Human behavior is seen as unpredictable and each person is unique
• What is Maslow's concept of self-actualization?

  The ability of humans to develop and achieve their potential
• What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, starting from the most basic?

  Physiological, safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization
• What happens if a person's basic needs are not met according to Maslow?

  The person cannot self-actualize and may become unhappy or depressed
• What does Rogers suggest is necessary for personal growth and development?

  Congruence between a person's concept of self and their ideal self
• What is the consequence of experiencing incongruence according to Rogers?

  The person may become anxious and depressed
• What is client-centered therapy and its goal?

  • Developed by Rogers
  • Aims to achieve congruence in the client
  • Client takes an active role in therapy
  • Therapist provides unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness
• What causes incongruence according to Rogers?

  A lack of unconditional positive regard from parents
• What are 'conditions of worth' in the context of humanistic psychology?

  Conditions set by parents that affect their love based on achievements
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of humanistic psychology?

  Strengths:

  • Holistic approach considering a range of influences
  • Positive and optimistic focus on personal growth

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Lacks scientific rigor
  • Concepts like self and congruence are hard to test empirically
• How does humanistic psychology differ from Freud's theory?

  It is more optimistic and focuses on personal growth
• Why is the lack of scientific rigor considered a weakness of humanistic psychology?

  It weakens the approach as it lacks scientific credibility