Recall quiz

• What does temporal validity refer to?

  It refers to how relevant the time period is in affecting the findings.
• What is content validity and how is it assessed?

  • Content validity assesses whether a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
  • It is assessed by asking an expert to review the test and discuss its content.
• What is concurrent validity?

  It is when test results match those of a similar well-known test, with a correlation of 0.8 or higher.
• How can experiments improve validity?

  • Use a control group to isolate the effect of the independent variable (IV).
  • Implement standardized procedures or single and double-blind procedures.
• What methods can improve ecological validity in observations?

  • Use covert observations to minimize participant awareness.
  • Conduct naturalistic observations to capture behavior in real settings.
• What is test-retest reliability?

  It involves giving the same test to the same person on different occasions.
• What is split-half reliability?

  It compares participants' scores on two halves of a test to check consistency.
• What is inter-observer reliability?

  It ensures multiple observers interpret events in the same way to reduce bias.
• How can experiments improve reliability?

  • Lab experiments are considered reliable due to controlled variables.
  • They minimize external factors that could affect outcomes.
• How can observations improve reliability?

  • Ensure behavioral categories are clearly operationalized.
  • This helps in consistently measuring behaviors across different observers.