lipids

• phospholipid

  A) charged phosphate

  B) glycerol

  C) saturated fatty acid

  D) unsaturated fatty acid

  
• phospholipid bilayer membrane structure

  A) hydrophobic tails

  B) hydrophilic heads

  
• describe the four properties/functions of a tryglyceride

  1. energy source - due to the high ratio of carbon-hydrogen bonds , alot of energy is stored
  2. metabollic water source - due to the high ratio of hydrogen-oxygen bonds, they release water when oxidised
  3. storage molecule - alot of can be stored withought increasing mass or restricting movement as it has low mass
  4. does not effect water potential/osmosis - tryglycerides are hydrophobic and large so are insoluble
• describe the structure of a tryglyceride

  • glycerol
  • three fatty acids
• describe the structure of phospholipids:

  • negatively charged phosphate ion
  • glycerol
  • two fatty acids
• what bonds and how many are present in triglycerides?

  three ester bonds
• describe the emulsion test:

  • dissolve in ethanol
  • shake
  • add distilled water
  • observe a white emulsion
• what is a property of the phospholipid head?

  hydrophilic due to negative phosphate ion
• what is a property of the phospholipid tail?

  hydrophobic but mixes with fats
• how is a phospholipid polar?

  two charged regions
• what are monounsaturated fats?

  one double carbon bond
• what are polyunsaturated fatty acids?

  more than one double carbon bonds
• how are fats like butter solid?

  they are made of saturated fatty acids which lie in straight parallel chains tightly packed together in a small space
• how are fats such as oils stuctured?

  made from unsaturated fatty acids, the double carbon bond creates kinks which takes up space
• what are functions of phospholipids?

  • makes a bilayer
  • creates gaps to allow small non-polar and lipid soluble molecules to pass through
  • makes the membrane flexible
• why do phospholipids and triglycerides dissolve in alcohol ?

  alcohol has both polar and non-polar regions