periodic table

• periodic table


  arrangement of the chemical elements ordered by their

  • atomic number
  • electron configuration
  • recurring chemical properties - structure shows periodic trends
• atomic number


  • the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
  • identical to the charge number of the nucleus
  • uniquely identifies a chemical element
• group


  a column in the periodic table of chemical elements
• period


  a row in the periodic table of chemical elements
• electronic configuration


  • the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom.
  • e.g. electronic configuration neon atom is 2, 8
• electrical conductivity


  measures a materials ability to conduct an electric current
• acid-base character


  • whether a substance is acidic (reacts with alkalis) or basic (reacts with acids)
  • metal oxides are basic and non-metal oxides are acidic
• chemical properties


  • how a substance reacts
  • e.g. the group 1 metals all react with water
• alkali metals


  the elements in group 1 are known as the alkali metals as they react with water to form an alkaline solution
• reactivity


  the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction
• halogen

  • the halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements:
  • flourine (F2)
  • chlorine (Cl2)
  • bromine (Br2)
  • iodine (I2)
  • astatine (At2)
• halide


  a halogen atom bearing a negative charge

  the halide anions are:

  • fluoride (F-)
  • chlorine (Cl-)
  • bromide (Br-)
  • iodide (I-)
  • astatine (At-)
  • such ions are present in all ionic halide salts