Homeostasis

• What is homeostasis?

  It is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
• Why do cells in the body need certain conditions to function properly?

  Because they cannot be too hot, too cold, too acidic, or too alkaline.
• What are some essential supplies that cells need to maintain homeostasis?

  Glucose and water.
• How does the body regulate internal conditions?

  By keeping everything around the right levels.
• Do our temperature and glucose levels remain constant?

  No, they fluctuate but only within small bounds.
• How can we define homeostasis?

  As the regulation of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable internal environment.
• What does it mean that homeostasis responds to changes in both internal and external conditions?

  It means we can maintain our internal environment despite external changes.
• How does the body maintain a temperature of 37 degrees when exposed to extreme conditions?

  By regulating the body through automatic control systems.
• What are the three main components of automatic control systems?

  Receptors, coordination centers, and effectors.
• What do receptors do in the automatic control system?

  They detect changes such as a rise in temperature.
• What role do coordination centers play in the automatic control system?

  They interpret changes and decide what needs to be done.
• What are effectors in the context of homeostasis?

  They are the components that carry out the change, like muscles or glands.
• How do the nervous and endocrine systems communicate in the body?

  The nervous system sends fast electrical impulses, while the endocrine system uses hormones.
• What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

  The nervous system is fast and precise, while the endocrine system is slower and more generalized.
• What is the mechanism called that helps maintain homeostasis?

  Negative feedback.
• How does negative feedback work in maintaining homeostasis?

  It decreases levels that are too high and increases levels that are too low.
• What happens when the temperature in a room is too cold?

  Receptors detect the low temperature, and the nervous system sends impulses to coordination centers.
• What is the role of effectors when the body temperature is too low?

  They carry out responses like shivering to increase body temperature.
• What happens if the body temperature rises too high?

  A different set of receptors detects the rise and sends signals to coordination centers.
• What is the overall process of homeostasis?

  It is the loop of bringing levels back to normal through negative feedback.
• What are the key components of homeostasis and their functions?

  • Receptors: Detect changes in the environment.
  • Coordination centers: Interpret changes and decide on actions.
  • Effectors: Carry out responses to restore balance.
• What is the process of negative feedback in homeostasis?

  • Detects when levels are too high or too low.
  • Sends signals to coordination centers.
  • Effectors respond to bring levels back to normal.
• What are the two organ systems that help large multicellular organisms communicate?

  The nervous system and the endocrine system
• What is another name for a nerve cell?

  Neuron
• How are neurons adapted to carry electrical impulses?

  They are long, thin, and have many branch connections
• What is the function of a synapse in neuron communication?

  It connects two nerve cells for communication
• What happens when an electrical impulse reaches the end of a nerve cell?

  It causes the release of chemicals that diffuse across the synapse
• What is the role of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

  They carry information from receptors to the central nervous system
• What does CNS stand for?

  Central Nervous System
• What do motor neurons do in the nervous system?

  They send impulses from the CNS to effectors
• What are effectors generally in the nervous system?

  Muscles or glands
• What is a reflex arc?

  • A nerve pathway for unconscious reflexes
  • Examples include moving hand away from a hot surface or blinking
  • Provides rapid and automatic responses
• What is the role of receptor cells in a reflex action?

  They detect stimuli and initiate the response
• What happens to the impulse in the spinal cord after a sensory neuron during a reflex action?

  It is transferred to a relay neuron
• What is the function of a relay neuron in a reflex arc?

  To pass the impulse from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron
• How does the impulse travel back to the body in a reflex action?

  Through a motor neuron to an effector
• Why are synapses important in the nervous system?

  They allow the conversion of electrical signals to chemical signals for communication
• What is the benefit of reflexes in the nervous system?

  They allow rapid and automatic responses to stimuli
• What would happen if you accidentally touched a hot surface?

  Your hand would quickly move away due to a reflex action
• What type of signal is temporarily converted at synapses?

  Electrical signal to chemical signal