*Jumping to conclusions (e.g. saying that just because a car is the most expensive, then it must be the best)
Hypostatinization (when we regard an abstract word as if it were a concrete one)
Intentional fallacy (assuming a speech/word mean exactly what the speaker/author intended them to mean)
Fallacy of division ( if it is true of the whole, it must be true of the part )
Style over substance (when someone bases their argument on compellinglanguage, obfuscation, and various terms of art, instead of legitimatelogicalanalyses)
Tu quoque (youtoo) (attacks the opponent's own personalbehaviour and actions as being inconsistent with their argument, so that the opponent appears hypocritical)
Wishful thinking (when you assume that the way you want things to be, is the way they are)
Ad Hominem (attacking the character of the person making the argument, NOT the argument )
Straw Man (deliberately miss represent someone's argument- changing what they said unfairly)
Far- Fetched (lies/ excuses that are extremely unlikely or impossible)
Gambler’s fallacy (just because you have won/ predicted correctly any number of times, then you alwayswill in the future)
False Dilemma (otheroptions that you ignore- e.g. people are male or female, ignoring non-binary/ gender neutral/ etc)
Etymological (meaning of the word has changed-assuming the word means what it once meant)
Red-Herring (using something irrelevant to divert from an argument)
*Naturalistic Fallacy1901 (just because something is natural, that is how it ought to be- e.g. women are naturally capable of bearing and nursing children therefore women must be the primary care giver. Flip side: is something is unnatural it oughtnot to be- e.g. people used this to oppose gay relationships)
*Fallacy of Equivocation (differentmeanings of words cause confusion and incorrect arguments – a feather is light, what is light is not dark therefore a feather is not dark)
Genetic Fallacy (assuming an argument is right/ wrong because of its source)
FallaciousAppeals to Authority (believing that just because someone is an expert in onefield , then they are able to give an expertopinion in another)
*Fallacy of Composition (just because a part of something is ‘x’, does not mean the whole thing is ‘x’)
a philosophicalfallacy is any kind of recognisableerror or mistake in an argument