unit one: cell biology

• What is included in the study of cell ultrastructure?

  Cell wall, mitochondrion, chloroplast, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, nucleus, ribosome, and plasmid
• How does the cell wall structure in fungal and bacterial cells differ from that in plant cells?


  It is not made of cellulose
• What structures are found in an animal cell?


  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell Membrane
  • Mitochondrion
  • Ribosome
• What structures are found in a plant cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Vacuole
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplast
  • Ribosome
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell Membrane
  • Cell Wall
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant, fungal, and bacterial cells?

  Provide shape and support to the cell
• What is the function of mitochondria in animal, plant, and fungal cells?


  Site of energy production/aerobic respiration
• What is the function of chloroplasts in some plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell membrane in all cells?


  Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells
• What is the function of cytoplasm in all cells?

  Site of chemical reactions
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant and fungal cells?

  Fluid-filled sac containing water, sugars, and salts
• What is the function of the nucleus in animal, plant, and fungal cells?

  Controls cell activities and contains genetic information
• What is the function of ribosomes in all cells?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are plasmids and in which cells are they found?

  Small circular DNA found in bacterial cells
• What are the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells?

  Similarities:

  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuole
• What are the similarities and differences between plant and fungal cells?


  Similarities:

  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cell wall is made of cellulose
  • Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts and cannot make their own food
• What are the similarities and differences between fungal and bacterial cells?

  Similarities:

  • Ribosome
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm

  
  

  Differences:

  • Cell walls are structurally different
  • Fungal cells have mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuole
  • Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus and contain extra DNA plasmids
• Which cells contain plasmids?

  Bacterial cells
• What is total magnification in microscopy?

  Product of eyepiece lens and objective lens magnification
• How do you calculate the average size of a cell if 4 cells fit in 1mm?

  1 cell = $\frac{1\text{ mm}}{4} =$$0.25\text{ mm}$
• How do you find the average cell length if 5 cells fit across 2mm?

  Average cell length = $\frac{2\text{ mm}}{5} =$$0.4\text{ mm}$
• How do you find the average cell breadth if 10 cells fit across 2mm?

  Average cell breadth = $\frac{2\text{ mm}}{10} =$$0.2\text{ mm}$
• How do you convert 0.625mm to micrometers?

  0.625mm = $0.625 \times 1000 =$$625 \mu m$
• What is the chemical composition of the plant cell wall?

  Cellulose
• What is the role of the cell wall in plant, fungal, and bacterial cells?

  Provides shape and support to the cell
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Site of energy production
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What is the role of the cell membrane in all cells?

  Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells
• What is the role of cytoplasm in all cells?

  Site of chemical reactions
• What is the role of the vacuole in plant and fungal cells?

  Fluid-filled sac containing water, sugars, and salts
• What is the role of the nucleus in animal, plant, and fungal cells?

  Controls cell activities and contains genetic information
• What is the role of ribosomes in all cells?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells?

  Similarities:

  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuole
• What are the similarities and differences between plant and fungal cells?

  Similarities:

  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondria

  
  

  Differences:

  • Plant cell wall is made of cellulose
  • Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts and cannot make their own food
• What are the similarities and differences between fungal and bacterial cells?

  Similarities:

  • Ribosome
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm

  
  

  Differences:

  • Cell walls are structurally different
  • Fungal cells have mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuole
  • Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus and contain extra DNA plasmids
• What should you know about cell ultrastructure?

  • Definitions of cell ultrastructure (9 parts)
  • Structural differences between animal, plant, fungal, and bacterial cells
  • Plant cell wall made of cellulose, while fungal and bacterial cells are different
• What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

  Site of aerobic respiration – ENERGY PRODUCTION
• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  Controls cell activities
• What is the role of the cell membrane?

  Controls entry and exit of substances from the cell
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What is the cytoplasm's role in a cell?

  Site of chemical reactions