End of the War

• Why is control of the sea important during war?

  It protects own ships and prevents supplies from reaching the enemy.
• What were the consequences of the naval blockade during WWI?

  • Very few battles occurred due to the high cost of naval engagements.
  • By 1918, Germany was only importing limited supplies.
  • Living standards in Germany were significantly lowered.
  • The blockade led to approximately 420,000 German deaths.
• When did Britain declare the North Sea a war zone?

  In November 1914.
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Jutland?

  Both sides claimed victory, but the German fleet remained in harbor for the rest of the war.
• Who was the German admiral during the Battle of Jutland?

  Admiral Scheer.
• What tactics did the Germans use with U-boats during WWI?

  • U-boats attacked all ships entering British waters.
  • The British laid mines and used Q ships as decoys.
  • U-boats sank an average of 2 ships per day.
• What significant event occurred in May 1915 involving a U-boat?

  A German U-boat sank the British passenger liner Lusitania.
• How did the sinking of the Lusitania affect US involvement in WWI?

  It increased tensions between the US and Germany, contributing to the US joining the war in 1917.
• What was the convoy system developed by the British?

  • Supply ships traveled in large groups protected by warships.
  • Depth charges were used to attack U-boats.
  • Long-range planes searched for U-boats overhead.
• What was a major issue faced by Russia at the start of WWI?

  Poor military leadership and strategy.
• What were the reasons for Russia's withdrawal from WWI?

  • Poor leadership and strategy led to high casualties.
  • Shortages of food and fuel decreased morale.
  • The 1917 revolution caused soldiers to desert.
• What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

  A treaty signed in March 1918 where Russia lost land and resources to Germany.
• What impact did the US have when they joined WWI?

  The US provided a morale boost and significant supplies to the Allies.
• What was the Ludendorff Offensive?

  • A concentrated German attack on the Western Front before American troops arrived.
  • Utilized artillery, gas, and infantry tactics to push back Allied forces.
  • Resulted in significant German casualties and a temporary advance.
• What was the impact of new technology on warfare during WWI?

  • Development of U-boat detection methods like hydrophones.
  • Tanks became stronger and more reliable.
  • New artillery techniques reduced casualties and improved effectiveness.
• What was the 100 Day Offensive?

  • A series of Allied attacks launched in August 1918.
  • Aimed to stretch and wear down German forces.
  • Resulted in significant German retreats and the eventual end of the war.
• What were the main points of the Treaty of Versailles?

  • End of fighting within 6 hours.
  • Evacuation of German troops from occupied territories.
  • Germany to surrender battleships and pay reparations.
• When was WWI officially over?

  On November 11, 1918.