B4 - Bioenergetics

• What is photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make glucose from sunlight.
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.
• What is the equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.

  
• What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?
• What is the chemical symbol for water?

  H​2​O
• What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?

  O​2
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C​6​H​12​O​6
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Amount of chlorophyll

  
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  As temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until enzymes denature.
• What is the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?

  Higher light intensity generally increases the rate of photosynthesis.

  
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  As carbon dioxide concentration increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases.

  
• What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll converts light energy to food for the plant.
• What happens if chlorophyll levels are reduced?

  The rate of photosynthesis would decrease.
• What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  A limiting factor is an environmental condition that restricts the rate of photosynthesis.
• How can a graph show limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  A graph shows one limiting factor if it has one line that levels off.
• What does it mean if a graph has two lines representing two limiting factors?

  It indicates two limiting factors in two experiments at different environmental conditions.
• How is light intensity measured in experiments?

  Light intensity is measured in lux.
• What is the inverse square law in relation to light intensity?

  Light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  C​6​H​12​O​6​ + O​2​ → CO​2​ + H​2​O
• What is metabolism?

  • The sum of all reactions in a cell or body.
  • Energy from respiration is used to make new molecules.
  • Controlled by enzymes.
• What is fermentation in plants and yeast cells?

  Fermentation converts glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• What is oxygen debt?

  Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down lactic acid.
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  Lactic acid is transported to the liver where it is converted back to glucose.
• What are examples of metabolic reactions?

  1. Glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
  2. Glycerol and fatty acids forming lipids.
  3. Glucose and nitrate ions forming amino acids.
  4. Reactions in respiration.
  5. Urea formation from protein breakdown.