Muscular skeletal

• What happens when muscles contract?


  Muscles pull on bones
• What is a joint?

  A place where 2 or more bones meet
• What are long bones responsible for?

  They keep us upright and support the weight of the body
• What is the function of bones in terms of support?

  Bones keep organs and hold muscles and organs in place
• How do bones provide protection?

  Bones surround and protect vital organs from damage
• What do red blood cells do?

  They carry oxygen to muscles
• What is the role of white blood cells?

  They fight infections
• What is a synovial joint?

  Freely movable joints found in limbs that produce synovial fluid
• What is the function of cartilage in joints?

  It provides a smooth, friction-free surface at the ends of bones
• What do ligaments do?

  They connect bone to bone
• What is dislocation?

  When the bones of a joint separate from their normal position
• What is the capsule in relation to synovial joints?

  Tough fibrous tissue that surrounds synovial joints
• What are vertebrae?

  Bones that form the back and spine
• What is synovial fluid and its purpose?

  It lubricates the joint and is produced by the synovial membrane
• What are bursae?

  Flat, fluid-filled bags that help reduce friction in a joint
• What do tendons connect?

  Tendons connect muscle to bone
• What is a hinge joint?

  Joints that allow flexion and extension
• What is flexion?

  Reducing the angle of a joint
• What is extension?

  Increasing the angle of a joint
• What is a ball and socket joint?

  A synovial joint that allows a wide range of movement
• What does range of movement refer to?

  A measure of flexibility of a joint
• What is abduction?

  Movement away from the midline of the body
• What is rotation in terms of limb movement?

  Turning a limb along its axis
• What is circumduction?

  Movement when a limb is held straight then is moved in a circular motion
• What is adduction?

  Movement towards the midline of the body
• What is the meniscus?

  Cartilage acting as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur
• What is plantar flexion?

  Movement at the ankle where the toes are pointed towards the ground
• What is dorsal flexion?

  Movement at the ankle where the toes are pulled up towards the knee
• What are the main functions of bones?

  • Support the body
  • Protect vital organs
  • Produce red and white blood cells
  • Allow for movement
• What are the types of joints and their movements?


  • Synovial joints: Freely movable
  • Hinge joints: Allow flexion and extension
  • Ball and socket joints: Allow a wide range of movement
  • Abduction: Movement away from midline
  • Adduction: Movement towards midline
  • Rotation: Turning along an axis
  • Circumduction: Circular motion of a limb