Digestive System

• What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  To break down food into nutrients, absorb these nutrients, and eliminate waste products
• What are the main organs of the digestive system?

  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
• How does the mouth contribute to digestion?

  It breaks down food through mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion (saliva)
• What is the role of the esophagus in the digestive system?

  To transport food from the mouth to the stomach
• What functions does the stomach perform in digestion?

  It stores and churns food, and secretes gastric acid to break down proteins
• What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

  The small intestine
• What are the three parts of the small intestine?

  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  To absorb water and electrolytes, and store and eliminate waste products
• What does the liver produce that aids in fat digestion?

  Bile
• What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

  To store and release bile into the small intestine
• What does the pancreas produce that is essential for digestion?

  Digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin and glucagon
• How does the small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids?

  • Through active transport against their concentration gradient
  • Through facilitated diffusion into the bloodstream
• What is active transport in the context of nutrient absorption?

  It is the process of transporting glucose and amino acids against their concentration gradient, requiring energy
• What is facilitated diffusion in nutrient absorption?

  It is the process where nutrients move down their concentration gradient into the bloodstream with the help of carrier proteins
• What is Crohn's disease?

  An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract
• What causes Crohn's disease?

  It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the lining of the digestive tract
• What are common symptoms of Crohn's disease?

  Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition
• What complications can arise from severe Crohn's disease?

  Bowel obstructions, ulcers, and increased risk of colon cancer
• What are the management strategies for Crohn's disease?

  • Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics
  • Dietary Changes: Low fiber, high calories, and protein diet
  • Surgery: May be necessary to remove damaged portions of the intestine