Biological therapies for schizophrenia

• What are the two main types of drug therapy for schizophrenia?

  Typical and atypical antipsychotics
• What is the primary function of typical antipsychotics?

  • They are dopamine antagonists.
  • They reduce symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors in the synapses.
  • They normalize neurotransmission in key brain areas.
• When did typical antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine first appear?

  Since the 1950s
• How do typical antipsychotics affect dopamine levels?

  They block dopamine receptors, leading to reduced dopamine production.
• What symptoms do typical antipsychotics help reduce?

  Symptoms like hallucinations
• What additional effect does chlorpromazine have on patients?

  It has a sedative effect, calming anxious patients.
• What are the characteristics of atypical antipsychotics?

  • Used since the 1970s.
  • Aim to improve effectiveness and minimize side effects.
  • Target a range of neurotransmitters including dopamine and serotonin.
• What is an example of an atypical antipsychotic?

  Clozapine
• How does clozapine differ from typical antipsychotics?

  Clozapine acts on dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate receptors.
• What additional benefits does clozapine provide to patients?

  It reduces depression and anxiety, improving mood.
• What is one strength of antipsychotic drugs?

  Evidence shows they are moderately effective.
• What is a limitation of antipsychotic drugs?

  They can have mild, serious, and fatal side effects.
• What is a theoretical objection to the use of antipsychotic drugs?

  There are doubts about their true effectiveness.
• What does the term 'chemical cosh' refer to in the context of antipsychotic drugs?

  It suggests that antipsychotic drugs may be used to sedate patients rather than treat them.
• What are the key points to evaluate atypical antipsychotics as a drug therapy for schizophrenia?

  • More effective than typical antipsychotics.
  • Minimize side effects.
  • Improve cognitive functioning.
  • Reduce depression and anxiety.
• What should be discussed when evaluating drug therapy for both typical and atypical antipsychotics?

  • Effectiveness of both types.
  • Side effects associated with each.
  • Differences in neurotransmitter targeting.
  • Overall impact on patient quality of life.