1.2 Animal and Plant Cells

• Animal cells range in size from around 10μ to 30μc(μ = nanometers) Most human cells are like most other animal cells and have structures in common
• Nucleus


  Has a nucleus of 10 nanometers; controls the cell's activities
• Genes on chromosomes


  found within the nucleus that carry the instructions for making proteins
• Cytoplasm


  a liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended, and where many chemical reactions take place 
• Cell Membrane


  controls the movement of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell, and other substances such as urea and hormones out of the cell 
• Mitochondria 


  1-2 nanometers x 0.2-0.7 nanometers; where energy is transferred during aerobic respiration
• Ribosomes


  Where protein synthesis takes places
• In which part of the cell is energy transferred during respiration

  Mitochondria
• Algae are simple aquatic organisms that have many features similar to plant cells. Plant cells may be larger than animal cells, ranging from 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers.
• A rigid cell wall


  Made of Cellulose for support
• Chloroplasts


  3-5 nanometers that contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis; the chloroplast absorb light to make food
• A permanent vacuole


  Contains cell sap, which keeps the cell rigid and helps to support the plant
• What is the function of chloroplasts?


  To absorb light for food
• Onion cells don't look green, explain why.

  They don't have chloroplasts, the green pigment