1.-4. Germany

• What was the political system in Germany before 1918?

  The German Reich was a militaristic dictatorship ruled by Kaiser Wilhelm.
• What was Kaiser Wilhelm's belief about his rule?

  He believed he was destined to rule by God.
• When was the German Reich formed?

  In 1871.
• What was the impact of the Allies' demand for Kaiser Wilhelm to abdicate?

  It was a key factor in the German Revolution of 1918.
• What was the national income of Germany compared to 1913 before the revolution?

  It was 1/3 less than in 1913.
• What was the Turnip Winter?

  It was a period in 1917 when the potato supply was exhausted, leading to starvation.
• How did the Social Democrats influence the Kaiser’s abdication?

  They threatened to join the revolution if he did not abdicate.
• Who became the new president of the Weimar Republic?

  Friedrich Ebert.
• What was the Weimar Republic named after?

  It was named after the town of Weimar where the new constitution was signed.
• What was the purpose of the Weimar Constitution?

  To establish a new democratic system in Germany.
• What was the significance of Article 48 in the Weimar Constitution?

  It allowed the President to take measures without consulting the Reichstag in emergencies.
• What was the main criticism of the proportional representation system?

  It was too slow and difficult to make decisions.
• Who were the Spartacists?

  A communist group that aimed to overthrow the Weimar government.
• What was the outcome of the Spartacist uprising?

  The uprising failed, and its leaders were killed.
• What was the Kapp Putsch?

  A right-wing coup attempt to overthrow the Weimar government in March 1920.
• How did the Weimar government respond to the Kapp Putsch?

  They called for a general strike in Berlin to stop Kapp.
• What does the term "Dolchtoss" refer to?

  It refers to the belief that Germany was betrayed by left-wing politicians after WW1.
• What was the main criticism of the Weimar Republic from the German people?

  Many felt betrayed by the politicians who signed the armistice.
• What was the role of the Freikorps?

  They were a right-wing group that aimed to protect the Weimar Republic from left-wing threats.
• What was the first general election in Germany after WW1?

  It was held in 1919.
• What did the Weimar Constitution promise to the German people?

  It promised freedom of speech, freedom of worship, and better working conditions.
• How did the Weimar Republic deal with extremist uprisings?

  It relied on right-wing groups like the Freikorps to suppress left-wing uprisings.
• What was the date of the armistice that ended WW1?

  November 11, 1918.
• What was the significance of the Weimar Republic's establishment?

  It marked Germany's transition to a democratic government after the monarchy.
• What were the main challenges faced by the Weimar Republic in its early years?

  It faced threats from both left-wing and right-wing extremists.
• Who were the leaders of the Spartacist uprising?

  Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht.
• What was the main goal of the Kapp Putsch?

  To replace the Weimar government with a military-led national government.
• How did the Weimar Republic's reliance on the Freikorps affect its stability?

  It highlighted the military's right-wing sympathies and weakened the Republic's legitimacy.
• What year was the German Reich formed?

  1871
• What was the primary goal of the German Reich before WW1?

  To build a global empire to rival Britain and France
• Who was the dictator of the German Reich?

  Kaiser Wilhelm
• What was the impact of Kaiser Wilhelm's militarism on Germany?

  It contributed to the country's nationalism
• How many soldiers were dead by September 1918?

  Over 1 million
• What did the Allies demand for peace talks with Germany?

  That Kaiser Wilhelm abdicate
• What does the Kaiser’s 1891 speech reveal about his beliefs?

  He believed in a dictatorship and his own supremacy
• What was the significance of the quote from A.N. Davis's book regarding the Kaiser?

  It illustrates the Kaiser's belief in militarism as essential for national greatness
• What year did WW1 end?

  1918
• What economic condition did Germany face before the revolution?

  National income was 1/3 less than in 1913
• What was the Turnip Winter of 1917?

  A period when potato supply was exhausted, leading to starvation
• When did the sailors begin to strike in 1918?

  25th of October