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HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
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Created by
Gie Capili
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Cards (77)
What is a typhoon described as?
A
tumultuous
storm with a large storm system moving in a
spiral
motion.
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How do typhoons typically move?
They usually move around a region of low
atmospheric pressure
.
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Where do typhoons develop?
In the western part of the
South Pacific Ocean
known as the
North-Western Pacific Basin
.
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What fraction of the world's tropical cyclones originate in the North-Western Pacific Basin?
Almost
⅓
of the world's yearly tropical cyclones.
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What is a hurricane?
A
virulent
storm originating from the
Atlantic
Ocean and
Eastern
Pacific.
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What are tropical cyclones?
Storms that originate in the
Indian Ocean
.
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What are the historical terms associated with typhoons?
"
Tipon
" (
1550
) - Described as a violent storm.
"
Whirlwind
" - Greek term for a giant father of winds.
"
Cyclone
" - First recorded during
Caesar Frederick's
voyage to the East Indies.
"
Tai fung
" - Chinese term for "great wind."
"
Toofan
" - Indian term for "big storm."
"
Tufan
" - Arabic, Persian, and Hindi term for "big cyclonic storm."
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What are the terms used for typhoons around the world?
Filipinos: "
bagyo
"
Australians: "
willie-willie
"
South Americans: "Tornado"
"
Tropical Cyclone
": Southeast and Southwest Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean.
"Typhoon":
Northwest Pacific Ocean
.
"Hurricane":
South Pacific Ocean
and
North Atlantic Ocean
.
"Severe Cyclonic Storm":
North Indian Ocean
.
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How many times does the Philippines experience "bagyo" annually?
12-20
times annually.
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What are the typical conditions accompanying a typhoon in the Philippines?
Strong
winds
, heavy rains, and large ocean waves.
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What is PAGASA?
The
Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
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How does wind circulation differ between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres during a typhoon?
It revolves to the
right
in the Southern Hemisphere and to the
left
in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Since when has PAGASA been naming tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility?
Since 1963.
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What naming convention did PAGASA follow until the early 2000s?
They traditionally utilized
female
names ending in "ng".
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What are the four components of typhoon configuration?
Eye of the Typhoon: Center with the lowest
pressure
and light winds.
Eyewall: Band of clouds with turbulent winds and strong
precipitation
.
Inner Rainbands: Winds moving inward with heavy squalls.
Outer Rainbands: Dispersed winds with lighter rainfall.
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What is the wind speed range for a Tropical Depression?
Less than or equal to
61 kph
.
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What is the wind speed range for a Tropical Storm?
62
-
88
kph
.
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What is the wind speed range for a Severe Tropical Storm?
89
-
117
kph
.
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What is the wind speed range for a Typhoon?
118
-
220
kph
.
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What is the wind speed for a Super Typhoon?
More than
220 kph
.
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What is a thunderstorm?
A type of storm characterized by
lightning
and its
acoustic
effects.
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What typically accompanies thunderstorms?
Heavy rains
accompanied by thunder.
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What clouds are commonly associated with thunderstorms?
Cumulonimbus
clouds.
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What is the typical diameter of an archetypal thunderstorm?
15
miles.
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How long does a typical thunderstorm last?
About
30
minutes.
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What are the three stages of thunderstorm development?
Cumulus
Stage: Initial stage with warm air rising and forming cumulus clouds.
Maturing Stage
: Strongest stage with heavy rains,
lightning
, and gusty winds.
Dissipating Stage: Decrease in precipitation and intensity.
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What are the signs of impending thunderstorms?
Towering cumulus clouds
Shadows of dark skies
Sparks of lightning and gusty winds
Roar of thunder
Static on communication devices
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What are the hazards associated with thunderstorms?
Lightning
Heavy rains/precipitation
Flash floods
Tornadoes
/waterspouts
Hail
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What causes flooding in the Philippines?
Frequent monsoon rains, cyclones, thunderstorms, and ITCZ.
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What does flooding mean?
An overflowing of water from streams and other bodies of water or accumulation of rainwater in low-lying areas.
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What is a transitory pour out of a normally waterless area due to flooding?
It is caused by the spillover of a body of water or runoff of surface waters.
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What are the two major categories of flood based on causes?
Natural Causes:
Heavy and extended rainfall
Storm surge
High tide
II. Man-Made Causes:
Infrastructure and coastal developments
Haphazard dumping of garbage
Blasting
Informal settlers
Deforestation
Failure of levees and dams
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What is minor flooding?
Flooding that may or may not be caused by overbanking.
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What is major flooding?
Result of
overflowing
rivers and lakes causing
serious
damage.
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How quickly do flash floods develop?
In less than
6
hours
after an intense
downpour
.
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What are the effects of flooding?
Destruction of
infrastructure
Loss of
agricultural
crops and livestock
Human loss
Socio-economic problems
Shortage of utilities and necessities
Epidemics of
gastrointestinal
diseases
Respiratory ailments
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What measures can be taken to mitigate floods?
Reforestation
measures
Reporting
illegal loggers
Informing officials of
unauthorized constructions
Proper garbage disposal
Supporting clean-up drives
Participating in local flood mitigation efforts
Keeping
drainage
free from trash
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What is a storm surge?
An
unusual
ascend of water during a
typhoon
over the
calculated
high wave.
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What is storm tide?
The elevation of water level during a
typhoon
caused by both high tide and
storm surge
.
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What can storm surges cause?
Coastal flooding in
shallow
shorelines or beach-front areas.
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