HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

    Cards (77)

    • What is a typhoon described as?
      A tumultuous storm with a large storm system moving in a spiral motion.
    • How do typhoons typically move?
      They usually move around a region of low atmospheric pressure.
    • Where do typhoons develop?
      In the western part of the South Pacific Ocean known as the North-Western Pacific Basin.
    • What fraction of the world's tropical cyclones originate in the North-Western Pacific Basin?
      Almost of the world's yearly tropical cyclones.
    • What is a hurricane?
      A virulent storm originating from the Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific.
    • What are tropical cyclones?
      Storms that originate in the Indian Ocean.
    • What are the historical terms associated with typhoons?
      • "Tipon" (1550) - Described as a violent storm.
      • "Whirlwind" - Greek term for a giant father of winds.
      • "Cyclone" - First recorded during Caesar Frederick's voyage to the East Indies.
      • "Tai fung" - Chinese term for "great wind."
      • "Toofan" - Indian term for "big storm."
      • "Tufan" - Arabic, Persian, and Hindi term for "big cyclonic storm."
    • What are the terms used for typhoons around the world?
      • Filipinos: "bagyo"
      • Australians: "willie-willie"
      • South Americans: "Tornado"
      • "Tropical Cyclone": Southeast and Southwest Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean.
      • "Typhoon": Northwest Pacific Ocean.
      • "Hurricane": South Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean.
      • "Severe Cyclonic Storm": North Indian Ocean.
    • How many times does the Philippines experience "bagyo" annually?
      12-20 times annually.
    • What are the typical conditions accompanying a typhoon in the Philippines?
      Strong winds, heavy rains, and large ocean waves.
    • What is PAGASA?
      The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.
    • How does wind circulation differ between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres during a typhoon?
      It revolves to the right in the Southern Hemisphere and to the left in the Northern Hemisphere.
    • Since when has PAGASA been naming tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility?
      Since 1963.
    • What naming convention did PAGASA follow until the early 2000s?
      They traditionally utilized female names ending in "ng".
    • What are the four components of typhoon configuration?
      1. Eye of the Typhoon: Center with the lowest pressure and light winds.
      2. Eyewall: Band of clouds with turbulent winds and strong precipitation.
      3. Inner Rainbands: Winds moving inward with heavy squalls.
      4. Outer Rainbands: Dispersed winds with lighter rainfall.
    • What is the wind speed range for a Tropical Depression?
      Less than or equal to 61 kph.
    • What is the wind speed range for a Tropical Storm?
      62 - 88 kph.
    • What is the wind speed range for a Severe Tropical Storm?
      89 - 117 kph.
    • What is the wind speed range for a Typhoon?
      118 - 220 kph.
    • What is the wind speed for a Super Typhoon?
      More than 220 kph.
    • What is a thunderstorm?
      A type of storm characterized by lightning and its acoustic effects.
    • What typically accompanies thunderstorms?
      Heavy rains accompanied by thunder.
    • What clouds are commonly associated with thunderstorms?
      Cumulonimbus clouds.
    • What is the typical diameter of an archetypal thunderstorm?
      15 miles.
    • How long does a typical thunderstorm last?
      About 30 minutes.
    • What are the three stages of thunderstorm development?
      1. Cumulus Stage: Initial stage with warm air rising and forming cumulus clouds.
      2. Maturing Stage: Strongest stage with heavy rains, lightning, and gusty winds.
      3. Dissipating Stage: Decrease in precipitation and intensity.
    • What are the signs of impending thunderstorms?
      • Towering cumulus clouds
      • Shadows of dark skies
      • Sparks of lightning and gusty winds
      • Roar of thunder
      • Static on communication devices
    • What are the hazards associated with thunderstorms?
      • Lightning
      • Heavy rains/precipitation
      • Flash floods
      • Tornadoes/waterspouts
      • Hail
    • What causes flooding in the Philippines?
      Frequent monsoon rains, cyclones, thunderstorms, and ITCZ.
    • What does flooding mean?
      An overflowing of water from streams and other bodies of water or accumulation of rainwater in low-lying areas.
    • What is a transitory pour out of a normally waterless area due to flooding?
      It is caused by the spillover of a body of water or runoff of surface waters.
    • What are the two major categories of flood based on causes?
      1. Natural Causes:
      • Heavy and extended rainfall
      • Storm surge
      • High tide

      II. Man-Made Causes:
      • Infrastructure and coastal developments
      • Haphazard dumping of garbage
      • Blasting
      • Informal settlers
      • Deforestation
      • Failure of levees and dams
    • What is minor flooding?
      Flooding that may or may not be caused by overbanking.
    • What is major flooding?
      Result of overflowing rivers and lakes causing serious damage.
    • How quickly do flash floods develop?
      In less than 6 hours after an intense downpour.
    • What are the effects of flooding?
      • Destruction of infrastructure
      • Loss of agricultural crops and livestock
      • Human loss
      • Socio-economic problems
      • Shortage of utilities and necessities
      • Epidemics of gastrointestinal diseases
      • Respiratory ailments
    • What measures can be taken to mitigate floods?
      1. Reforestation measures
      2. Reporting illegal loggers
      3. Informing officials of unauthorized constructions
      4. Proper garbage disposal
      5. Supporting clean-up drives
      6. Participating in local flood mitigation efforts
      7. Keeping drainage free from trash
    • What is a storm surge?
      An unusual ascend of water during a typhoon over the calculated high wave.
    • What is storm tide?
      The elevation of water level during a typhoon caused by both high tide and storm surge.
    • What can storm surges cause?
      Coastal flooding in shallow shorelines or beach-front areas.