PAPER 1 MOCK

• What are the key functions of the skeletal system?

  Protection, support, movement, and blood cell production
• What are the types of bones in the skeletal system?

  Long, short, flat, and irregular bones
• What types of joints are mentioned in the study material?

  Ball and socket, hinge joints
• What are the main functions of the skeleton?

  Support, protection, movement, and mineral storage
• What are the types of movement associated with the skeletal system?

  Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
• What are the components of synovial joints?

  Ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid
• Name the major muscle groups mentioned in the study material.

  Biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings
• What is the role of antagonistic muscle pairs?

  They work in pairs to create movement
• What are the types of muscle contractions?

  Isotonic (concentric and eccentric) and isometric contractions
• What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

  Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
• What is cardiac output?

  The amount of blood the heart pumps in a minute
• How do stroke volume and heart rate change with exercise?

  They increase during exercise
• What is the process of oxygen transport and gas exchange?

  Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs and muscles
• What are the short- and long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

  Increased heart rate (short-term) and larger heart size (long-term)
• What structures are involved in the mechanics of breathing?

  Trachea, bronchi, lungs
• What are the respiratory volumes relevant in physical activity?

  Tidal volume, residual volume, vital capacity
• How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

  Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at the alveoli through diffusion
• What are the effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

  Short- and long-term effects on breathing efficiency
• What are the types of levers in the body?

  First, second, and third class levers
• What is mechanical advantage in levers?

  The benefit of different lever systems in generating force or range of motion
• What are the planes of movement?

  Sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes
• What are the axes of movement?

  Longitudinal, transverse, and frontal axes
• What are the components of health-related fitness?

  Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition
• What are the components of skill-related fitness?

  Agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed
• What is the purpose of fitness testing?

  Assessing fitness levels, monitoring improvement, identifying strengths and weaknesses
• What are the protocols for key fitness tests?

  Multi-stage fitness test for cardiovascular endurance, handgrip dynamometer for muscular strength
• How do you interpret fitness test results?

  Understanding normative data and interpreting scores to create training plans
• What are the SPORT principles of training?

  Specificity, Progressive Overload, Reversibility, Tedium
• What does the FITT principle stand for?

  Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
• How can you apply the principles of training to create effective training programs?

  By ensuring specificity, progressive overload, and addressing reversibility and tedium
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?

  Aerobic exercise uses oxygen, while anaerobic exercise does not
• What are the different training methods mentioned?

  Continuous, interval, fartlek, circuit, weight, plyometric, HIIT training
• What are the benefits and suitability of different training methods?

  Each method has advantages and is suitable for different sports
• How can you prevent injury during training?

  By warming up, cooling down, using equipment properly, and following safety rules
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system?

  Muscle hypertrophy, increased bone density, and strength
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

  Lower resting heart rate, increased stroke volume and cardiac output, improved capillarization
• What are the long-term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

  Enhanced lung capacity, more efficient oxygen uptake