tsunamis

• What causes tsunamis?

  A series of waves caused by huge amounts of water being displaced
• What natural disasters can cause tsunamis when they occur at sea?

  Volcanoes and earthquakes
• When did the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami occur?

  On 26th December 2004
• What was the magnitude of the earthquake that triggered the tsunami in the Indian Ocean?

  1. 1 on the Richter scale
• What geological feature is located along the west coast of Indonesia?

  A destructive plate margin
• How high were the tsunami waves triggered by the earthquake?

  Up to 30m high
• Why were the effects of the tsunami particularly severe?

  There was no early warning system
• How many people were killed or went missing due to the tsunami?

  Around 230,000 people
• What was the impact of the tsunami on housing?

  Over 1.7 million people lost their homes
• What types of infrastructure were severely damaged by the tsunami?

  Roads, water pipes, and electricity lines
• How many people needed emergency supplies after the tsunami?

  5–6 million people
• What economic impacts did the tsunami have?

  Millions of fishermen lost their livelihoods and tourism suffered
• What environmental damage was caused by the tsunami?

  Salt from seawater prevented plants from growing and destroyed ecosystems
• What were the short-term responses to the tsunami?

  • Hundreds of millions of pounds pledged for food, water, shelter, and medical attention
  • Foreign countries sent ships, planes, soldiers, and specialists for rescue and aid
• What were the long-term responses to the tsunami?

  • Billions of pounds pledged to rebuild infrastructure
  • Programs established to rebuild houses and help people return to work
  • A tsunami warning system implemented in the Indian Ocean
  • Disaster management plans developed and volunteers trained
• What is the main takeaway regarding tsunamis from this case study?

  Tsunamis can cause significant destruction and require effective response strategies
• What is the significance of the Indian Ocean tsunami case study?

  It illustrates the causes, effects, and responses to a major tsunami