bioenergetics

• word equation for photosynthesis

  carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• chemical equation for photosynthesis

  6CO2 + 6H20 → C6H1206 + 602
• examples of limiting factors

  1. temperature
  2. carbon dioxide concentration
  3. light intensity
• whats a limiting factor

  anything that prevents a chemical reaction from occuring at it's maximum rate
• temperature


  1. as temperature increases so does rate of photosynthesis
  2. more energy is provided for reaction
  3. at 45'C photosynthesis stops as enzymes controlling photosynthesis have been destroyed
• carbon dioxide concentration

  1. as CO2 concentration increases so does rate of photosynthesis
  2. this is because C02 is needed in the reaction
  3. after certain point increased CO2 has no further effect so it is no longer the limiting factor
• light intensity


  1. as light intensity increases so does rate of photosynthesis
  2. more energy is provided for reaction
  3. after certain point an increase in light has no further reaction so it is no longer a limiting factor
• what can glucose be converted into

  1. insoluble starch which is stored in stem
  2. fats or oils
  3. cellulose to strengthen walls
  4. energy for respiration
  5. proteins used for cell growth and enzymes
• whats the inverse square law

  when studying light intensity, doubling distance between lamp and pondweed will reduce light intensity by a quarter
• is respiration exothermic or endothermic

  exothermic
• aerobic

  with oxygen
• anaerobic

  without oxygen
• word equation for aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• chemical equation for aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O 
• word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

  glucose → lactic acid
• word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

  glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
• whats anaerobic respiration in yeast called

  fermentation
• whats ethanol

  type of alcohol made by fermentation

  carbon dioxide can be trapped to make fizzy drinks.
• definition of metabolism

  sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or body
• • metabolism needs energy
  • energy is transferred through respiration
  • energy is used to make new molecules e.g

  1. conversion of glucose to starch
  2. formation of lipid molecules from glycerol and fatty acids
  3. use of nitrate ions and glucose to form amino acids
  4. breakdown of excess proteins into urea for excretion