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• What is a hypothesis?

  A clear precise prediction about the difference or relationship between the variables in the study
• What does operationalisation refer to in research?

  It describes how a variable is clearly defined by the researcher
• What should a hypothesis always contain?

  An operationalised independent variable and dependent variable
• Which types of variables can operationalisation be applied to?

  Independent variables (IV), dependent variables (DV), or co-variables
• What are the two types of hypothesis?

  • Directional hypothesis
  • Non-directional hypothesis
• What does a directional hypothesis indicate?

  The sort of difference that is anticipated between two conditions
• What words are commonly included in a directional hypothesis?

  More, less, higher, lower, fast, slower
• Give an example of a directional hypothesis.

  People who drink SpeedUpp become more talkative than people who don’t
• What does a non-directional hypothesis state?

  There is a difference between conditions
• Provide an example of a non-directional hypothesis.

  People who drink SpeedUpp differ in terms of talkativeness compared with people who don't drink SpeedUpp
• Why might a researcher choose a directional hypothesis?

  This prediction is typically based on past research or accepted theory
• What is another term for a directional hypothesis?

  One-tailed hypothesis
• Why would a researcher choose a non-directional hypothesis?

  Previous research has been inconclusive, and the specific nature of the effect cannot be predicted confidently
• What is another term for a non-directional hypothesis?

  Two-tailed hypothesis