paper 1

• What topics are covered in AQA GCSE Physics Paper 1?

  Energy, electricity, particles, and atomic structure
• What is energy described as in physics?

  Energy is an idea that tells us what will happen when objects interact in a system
• What does the law of conservation of energy state?

  Total energy in any interaction is always conserved
• What is a caveat regarding energy conservation?

  Energy can be turned into matter, but it is still conserved
• How is energy measured?

  Energy is measured in Joules
• What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

  $E_k =$$\frac{1}{2} mv^2$
• What happens to kinetic energy as the speed of an object increases?

  The faster an object goes, the more kinetic energy it has
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

  $E_{gpe} =$$mgh$
• What does the height in the GPE formula represent?

  The height represents the change in height of the object
• What does an increase in gravitational potential energy indicate?

  The higher off the ground an object is, the more GPE it has available to lose
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

  $E_{epe} =$$\frac{1}{2} k e^2$
• What does specific heat capacity (shc) measure?

  It measures how much energy is needed to raise 1 kilogram of a substance by 1°C
• What is the equation for calculating change in thermal energy?

  $E =$$mc\Delta T$
• What happens to particles when thermal energy increases?

  Particles move faster as thermal energy increases
• What is the relationship between energy transfer and systems?

  Energy must be transferred from one object or store to another for any interaction to occur
• What is a closed system?

  A closed system is one where no energy is lost to or gained from the surroundings
• How can we equate gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in a roller coaster scenario?

  GPE lost equals KE gained as the roller coaster descends
• How do you rearrange the kinetic energy equation to find speed?

  Speed $v =$$\sqrt{\frac{2E_k}{m}}$
• What happens to energy in a non-closed system?

  Energy may be lost to the surroundings, such as through friction or air resistance
• What is the equation for power?

  $P =$$\frac{E}{t}$
• What does a power supply of 200 Watts indicate?

  It uses 200 Joules of energy every second
• How do you calculate energy used in a minute from power?

  Energy $E =$$P \cdot t$ where $t$ is in seconds
• What is efficiency in terms of energy transfer?

  Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output to total energy input
• How do you calculate efficiency as a percentage?

  Efficiency = $\frac{\text{useful energy out}}{\text{total energy in}} \times 100$
• What happens to energy in poorly insulated buildings?

  A lot of heat can be lost through walls, windows, doors, and roofs
• What are finite energy sources?

  Finite sources include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas
• What are renewable energy sources?

  Renewable sources include wind power, hydroelectric power, and solar panels
• What is electricity defined as?

  Electricity is the flow of charge, typically electrons
• What is the role of a battery in a circuit?

  A battery provides a store of chemical potential energy
• What is potential difference (PD) also known as?

  Potential difference is also known as voltage
• What does a 1 Volt battery indicate?

  It supplies 1 Joule of energy per Coulomb of charge
• How is current defined in a circuit?

  Current is the rate of flow of charge
• What is the equation for current?

  $I =$$\frac{Q}{t}$
• What is the unit for resistance?

  The unit for resistance is Ohms
• What does Ohm's law state?

  Voltage equals current times resistance
• How do you calculate resistance from Ohm's law?

  $R =$$\frac{V}{I}$
• What does a straight line on an IV graph indicate for a resistor?

  A straight line indicates constant resistance
• What happens to the resistance of a bulb when the potential difference changes?

  The resistance of a bulb changes, resulting in a curved graph
• What is the relationship between potential difference and current in a resistor?

  Potential difference and current are directly proportional
• What does a steeper gradient on an IV graph indicate?

  A steeper gradient indicates lower resistance