Naming Organic Compounds.

• Roots.


  The root tells us the length of the longest unbranched hydrocarbon chain.

  Number of carbons 1 2 3 4 5 6

  Root Name. Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent- Hex-

  Monkeys Eating Peanut Butter, Pretty Hectic!
• Ends.

  End: -ane ( No double bonds )

  -ene ( Double bonds )

  Suffix ( End ) - Changes the name ending E.G: Alcohol = Ol

  Prefix ( Start ) - Branching, extra functional groups.
• Alkanes.


  Suffix: - ane.

  Longest chain of carbons = its root. E.G: 1 Carbo is Meth. As the suffix is 'ane' it would be Methane.
• Alkenes


  Contain Double bonds.

  Number the carbons from either 1 - END CARBON or END CARBON NUMBER - 1.

  For figuring out where the double bond is find which two numbers its between, using the 1 - End Or End - 1 depending on which numbers are smallest.

  You pick the smallest number out of the two and that is where your position is.

  For example

  1 2 3 4

  C = C - C - C But - 1 - ene.
• Alkyl groups as branches.


  Usually represented as R-

  Rules for naming branches: Carbon rule for Roots is the same.

  Name R- Length

  Methyl 1

  Ethyl 2

  Propyl 3

  Butyl 4

  Need to indicate which position with number, using the 1 - End Or End - 1 Rule.

  The branches will never be on the first or last carbon.
• Aldehydes


  Can only be at the END.

  Suffix - Al.

  E.g: Ethanal.

  
• Haloalkenes


  4 elements that the branch could be could be:

  PREFIXES.

  1)Bromo

  2)Chloro

  3)Fluoro

  4) Iodo.

  ( If there is more than 1 different halogen it MUST go in alphabetical order of halogens. )

  Must put the carbon number in which the halogen is branched off before the prefix.

  
• Ketones.


  Very similar to aldhydes apart from you CANNOT but these at the end.

  Suffix- One.

  Prefix- Oxo.
• Alcohols 


  • Suffix: -ol
  • Prefix: hydroxy-
  • General formula: CnH(2n+1)OH
  • Functional group: -OH
  • Example: Pentan-2-ol