History medicine 1200-1500

• What is the focus of the GCSE history revision video mentioned?

  Medicine in medieval England
• What was the key reason for the continuity in medicine during medieval England?

  The powerful influence of the church
• How did the church control people's attitudes towards medicine?

  By encouraging a conservative attitude and respect for tradition
• Why was the printing press significant in the context of medieval medicine?

  It was not available until 1440 AD, limiting the spread of new ideas
• Who were the two ancient individuals whose work was encouraged by the church?

  Hippocrates and Galen
• What was the church's role in education during medieval England?

  The church funded universities and controlled the training of doctors
• How did the church's control over education affect medical practices?

  Doctors were encouraged to learn from books rather than practical experiments
• What was the idea of God and sin in relation to disease during medieval times?

  Disease was seen as a punishment from God or a test of faith
• How did the belief that God was responsible for disease influence treatment approaches?

  People engaged in religious practices like prayers and pilgrimages
• What was believed about the king's touch in medieval England?

  The king was believed to have the ability to cure diseases
• What was the connection between hygiene and religion during medieval times?

  Hygiene was linked to godliness, and bathing was seen as favorable
• What was the astrological belief regarding health in medieval England?

  Health was thought to be affected by the position of planets and stars
• How did the church initially view astrology?

  The church resisted astrology as it seemed like fortune-telling
• What change occurred in the church's stance on astrology after the Black Death?

  The church began to accept and encourage astrology
• What was the four humors theory in medieval medicine?

  The body contained four liquids: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
• How did the four humors theory influence treatment methods?

  Treatments aimed to restore balance among the humors
• Why was the four humors theory considered rational compared to other ideas?

  It was based on observable evidence rather than superstition
• What was a common treatment for an excess of blood according to the four humors theory?

  Bloodletting
• What was the treatment of opposites in medieval medicine?

  It involved giving treatments with opposite characteristics to the humor out of balance
• What was the belief regarding miasma in medieval medicine?

  Bad air and smells from rotting matter could cause illness
• How did the church's teachings influence the belief in miasma?

  The church linked bad smells to sin and disease
• What were some common practices to prevent disease related to miasma?

  People bathed regularly and kept their homes clean
• What role did physicians play in medieval medicine?

  Physicians were university-educated and diagnosed diseases for wealthy patients
• How did apothecaries differ from physicians?

  Apothecaries mixed remedies and were more affordable than physicians
• What was the role of barber-surgeons in medieval medicine?


  Barber-surgeons performed basic surgeries and were the cheapest option
• What was the nature of hospitals during medieval times?

  Hospitals were run by the church and focused on hospitality rather than medical care
• What was the main treatment approach in hospitals during medieval times?

  Treatment involved prayer, rest, food, and herbal remedies
• How did the Black Death influence ideas about disease and prevention?

  It led to new ideas linking disease to volcanic eruptions and contact with the sick
• What were the two versions of the Black Death?

  Bubonic and pneumonic versions
• What was the main belief about the cause of the Black Death?

  It was primarily blamed on miasma or bad smells
• How did people respond to the Black Death in terms of treatment?

  They continued using religious treatments and attempted to rebalance their humors
• What was one new prevention method introduced during the Black Death?

  Quarantine
• Why was quarantine not very effective during the Black Death?

  Local government lacked the power to enforce it successfully
• What was a misguided prevention method during the Black Death regarding street cleaning?

  People stopped cleaning streets, believing it would drive off miasma
• What was the significance of the Arta chela in the training of physicians?

  It was a key textbook full of Roman and Greek ideas
• What was the role of women in medieval medicine?

  Women often treated illnesses at home using herbal remedies
• How did the church's teachings influence the understanding of disease during the medieval period?

  The church's teachings reinforced traditional beliefs and discouraged new ideas
• What were the implications of the church's control over education for medical advancements?

  It limited opportunities for doctors to challenge existing ideas and discover new ones
• What were the main ideas about treatments and prevention in medieval medicine?

  • God and sin: Disease as punishment from God
  • Astrology: Health affected by celestial positions
  • Four humors theory: Balance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
  • Miasma: Bad air and smells causing illness
• What were the different types of healers and their roles in medieval medicine?

  • Physicians: University-educated, diagnosed diseases for the wealthy
  • Apothecaries: Mixed remedies, more affordable than physicians
  • Barber-surgeons: Performed basic surgeries, the cheapest option
  • Hospitals: Run by the church, focused on hospitality rather than medical care