Distillation

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned in the video?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, beaker, and heating device
• What is the function of the bung in the flask during distillation?

  To seal the flask so no gas can escape
• What role does the thermometer play in the distillation process?

  It measures the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  It cools and condenses vapor into liquid form
• What happens to the vapor as it passes through the condenser?

  It cools and condenses into liquid
• What is left in the flask after simple distillation of seawater?

  Salt
• Why is fractional distillation used instead of simple distillation for certain mixtures?

  Because it separates liquids with similar boiling points
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the function of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To allow vapor to cool and condense back into liquid
• What are the two key features of the fractionating column?

  It is filled with glass rods and is cooler at the top
• What temperature is used to evaporate methanol in fractional distillation?

  Approximately 65 degrees Celsius
• What happens to ethanol and propanol as methanol evaporates in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid and fall back into the flask
• What is the next step after collecting pure methanol in fractional distillation?

  Raise the temperature to around 78 degrees Celsius to evaporate ethanol
• What can be assumed about the contents of the flask after collecting ethanol?

  That it contains mostly propanol
• What could be done to ensure that only propanol is collected at the end of fractional distillation?

  Raise the temperature again to boil off the propanol
• What is the process of simple distillation?

  • Heat the liquid mixture
  • Evaporate the desired liquid
  • Vapor rises and passes through the condenser
  • Vapor cools and condenses into liquid
  • Collect the pure liquid in a beaker
• What is the process of fractional distillation?

  • Heat the liquid mixture
  • Vapor rises through the fractionating column
  • Condense back into liquid if not the lowest boiling point
  • Collect the pure liquid in a beaker
  • Repeat for other liquids at their respective boiling points