States of Matter

• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  They are arranged randomly but fairly compact
• What happens to gas particles when they are heated?

  They gain more energy and travel faster
• What is the process called when a liquid freezes into a solid?

  Freezing
• What are the three states of matter discussed in the video?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• How do particles in a solid behave?

  They vibrate in their fixed positions
• How are particles in solids described in the particle theory?

  As small solid inelastic spheres
• What happens to the particles at the melting point?

  They have enough energy to break free of their bonds
• What happens to the particles at the boiling point?

  They have enough energy to break the bonds altogether
• What happens to the particles of a liquid when it is heated?

  They gain more energy and move faster
• What holds the particles in a solid close together?

  Strong forces of attraction
• How do gas particles behave compared to solid and liquid particles?

  They are free to move around by themselves
• What model is used to explain how substances change states?

  Particle theory
• What happens to a gas in an expandable container when heated?

  The gas will expand
• What does it mean that gases do not keep a definite shape or volume?

  They will always fill a container
• What is meant by random motion of gas particles?

  Particles can travel in any direction and are deflected randomly
• What occurs when a gas is cooled down sufficiently?

  Bonds will start to form between the particles
• What is a limitation of the particle model used to explain states of matter?

  It doesn't accurately represent particles as solid inelastic spheres
• What happens to a gas in a fixed container when heated?

  The pressure will increase
• What does the particle model fail to include regarding forces between particles?

  Details about the strength and number of forces
• What are the key characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases according to particle theory?

  • Solids:
  • Strong forces of attraction
  • Fixed position in a regular lattice
  • Definite shape and volume
  • Liquids:
  • Weak forces of attraction
  • Random arrangement, fairly compact
  • Definite volume, shape changes
  • Gases:
  • Very weak forces of attraction
  • Free to move, no definite shape or volume
• What are the processes of changing states of matter?

  • Melting: Solid to liquid at melting point
  • Boiling/Evaporation: Liquid to gas at boiling point
  • Condensation: Gas to liquid when cooled
  • Freezing: Liquid to solid when cooled further