Factors of Rate of Reaction

• What are the factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?

  Temperature, concentration or pressure, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst
• What is collision theory in the context of chemical reactions?

  • Particles must collide to react
  • Collisions must have sufficient energy (activation energy)
  • Low energy collisions result in particles bouncing apart
• What is activation energy?

  It is the minimum energy required for particles to react upon collision
• How does the energy of particles affect the rate of reaction?

  The more energy particles have, the more likely they are to exceed the activation energy
• What role does the frequency of collisions play in chemical reactions?

  Higher collision frequency increases the likelihood of successful collisions
• How does increasing temperature affect the rate of reaction?

  It increases the rate by providing particles with more energy and increasing collision frequency
• How do concentration and pressure affect the rate of reaction?

  Increasing concentration or pressure increases the number of particles per unit volume, leading to more frequent collisions
• What is the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction?

  A higher surface area increases the rate of reaction by allowing more collisions to occur
• How does the form of magnesium affect its reaction with acid?

  Powdered magnesium has a higher surface area, leading to a higher rate of reaction compared to solid blocks
• What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  • Speeds up the reaction without being consumed
  • Lowers the activation energy
  • Provides an alternative reaction pathway
• What is a common source of catalysts?

  Transition metals like cobalt and nickel
• What are enzymes in the context of catalysis?

  Enzymes are biological catalysts made by living organisms
• How does a catalyst affect the proportion of successful collisions in a reaction?

  By lowering the activation energy, a catalyst increases the proportion of successful collisions