Crude Oil Pt:1

• What is crude oil primarily composed of?

  Mostly hydrocarbons, which contain only hydrogen and carbon
• How is crude oil formed?

  From the remains of dead plants and animals, particularly plankton
• What conditions contribute to the formation of crude oil?

  High pressures and temperatures over millions of years
• How long does it take for crude oil to form?

  Millions of years
• Why is crude oil considered a finite resource?

  Because it takes a long time to form and we are extracting it at a rapid rate
• What term is used to describe fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas?

  Non-renewable fuels
• What is the purpose of fractional distillation in crude oil processing?

  To separate different hydrocarbons based on their boiling points
• What is the first step in the fractional distillation process?

  Feed the oil into a chamber and heat it until it turns into gas
• How does the temperature gradient in the fractionating column affect the separation of hydrocarbons?

  Hot gases rise and condense into liquids at lower temperatures
• Which hydrocarbons condense first in the fractional distillation process?

  The longest chain hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points
• What are some examples of products obtained from the heavier fractions of crude oil?

  Bitumen and heavy fuel oil
• What types of fuels are derived from shorter chain hydrocarbons?

  Diesel, petrol, and kerosene
• What does LPG stand for?

  Liquefied petroleum gas
• What are the main components of LPG?

  Mainly propane and butane
• How do the flammability and chain length of hydrocarbons relate?

  Shorter chain hydrocarbons are more flammable and make better fuels
• What happens to longer chain hydrocarbons during fractional distillation?

  They condense early and are often used for other purposes
• What is the process of cracking in relation to hydrocarbons?

  • Breaking down longer chain hydrocarbons into smaller ones
  • Used to convert poor fuels into better fuels
• What are petrochemicals and their uses?

  Substances derived from crude oil used as raw materials for various products
• What are some products made from petrochemicals?

  Solvents, lubricants, polymers, and detergents
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