Polymers Pt:3

• What are naturally occurring polymers?

  Polymers that exist naturally in the environment and aren't man-made
• What are the three types of naturally occurring polymers discussed in the video?

  • Polypeptides (made of amino acids)
  • DNA (made of nucleotides)
  • Carbohydrates (made of sugars)
• What are the smaller molecules that make up polymers called?

  Monomers
• What are polypeptides made up of?

  Lots of amino acids
• What is DNA made up of?

  Nucleotides
• What happens when amino acids are combined in a long chain?

  They form a polypeptide
• What are carbohydrates made up of?

  Sugars
• What roles do different proteins play in the body?

  They catalyze chemical reactions and provide structure and strength to tissues
• What do we call a folded polypeptide or one that combines with other polypeptides?

  A protein
• What are the two important functional groups in an amino acid?

  The carboxyl group and the amino group
• What is the significance of the R group in amino acids?

  It changes depending on which amino acid it is
• What is the central atom in an amino acid structure?

  The central carbon
• How do adjacent amino acids join together to form a polymer?

  Through condensation reactions involving the functional groups
• What is the result of the condensation reaction between amino acids?

  It produces a peptide bond and water
• What are the different names for the bond formed between amino acids?

  Amide bond, amide link, or peptide bond
• How can we represent the formation of a peptide bond in an equation?

  Amino acid + Amino acid → Repeat unit + H2O
• What are the monomers of DNA called?

  Nucleotides
• What do all nucleotides contain?

  A small molecule called a base
• What are the four different types of bases in nucleotides represented by?

  The letters T, A, G, and C
• How do different combinations of nucleotides affect genes?

  They create different codes which we call genes
• How is DNA structured to prevent damage to its codes?

  It is made of two polymer chains linked together in a double helix
• What are carbohydrates and their components?

  • General term for polymers and monomers that provide energy
  • Made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
  • Polymers (polysaccharides): starch, cellulose, glycogen
  • Monomers (monosaccharides): glucose, fructose
• How can polysaccharides be formed from monosaccharides?

  By combining multiple glucose molecules
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