Paper Chromotography

• What analytical technique is used to separate different substances in a mixture?

  Chromatography
• What type of chromatography is specifically discussed in the video?

  Paper chromatography
• What is the purpose of paper chromatography?

  To separate different dyes in an ink
• What are the steps involved in performing paper chromatography?

  1. Draw a baseline on filter paper with pencil.
  2. Add the ink sample on the baseline.
  3. Fill a beaker with shallow solvent (water or ethanol).
  4. Place the filter paper in the solvent without submerging the baseline.
  5. Cover the beaker to prevent evaporation.
  6. Wait for the solvent to rise and separate the dyes.
  7. Remove the paper when the solvent is near the top and let it dry.
  8. Analyze the chromatogram.
• What is a chromatogram?

  The pattern of spots left on the paper after chromatography
• What are the mobile and stationary phases in chromatography?

  The mobile phase is the solvent, and the stationary phase is the paper
• How do different chemicals move in chromatography?

  They change between the mobile and stationary phases
• What determines how fast a chemical moves up the paper in chromatography?

  The solubility of the chemical in the solvent
• What is the formula for calculating the rf value in chromatography?

  rf = distance travelled by substance / distance travelled by solvent
• If a pink substance traveled 6 cm and the solvent traveled 10 cm, what is the rf value?

  $0.6$
• What happens when chromatography is performed with a pure substance?

  It produces a single spot on the chromatogram
• How can the chromatogram change if different solvents or papers are used?

  The chromatogram may look different and the rf value will change
• Why must a chemist consider the solvent and paper type when looking up rf values?

  Because they affect the separation and rf values
• What should you do if you want to prevent the solvent from evaporating during chromatography?

  Place a lid on top of the beaker
• What is the role of the solvent in paper chromatography?

  It acts as the mobile phase that carries the substances
• How does the solubility of a chemical affect its movement in chromatography?

  More soluble chemicals spend more time in the mobile phase and move faster
• What happens to chemicals that are not soluble in the solvent during chromatography?

  They remain on the baseline
• What is the significance of the baseline in paper chromatography?

  It is where the sample is applied before chromatography begins
• How does the chromatography process demonstrate the properties of different substances?

  It shows how far each substance travels based on its solubility
• What should you do after the solvent has almost reached the top of the paper?

  Take the paper out and let it dry
• What is the relationship between the time spent in each phase and the movement of chemicals?

  More time in the mobile phase means faster movement
• What should you do if you enjoyed the video on paper chromatography?

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