History 1200-1500

• What is the focus of the GCSE history revision video mentioned?

  Medicine in medieval England
• What was the key reason for the continuity in medicine during medieval England?

  The powerful influence of the church
• How did the church control people's attitudes towards medicine?

  By encouraging a conservative attitude and respect for tradition
• Why was the church's control over communication significant for medical ideas?

  Because it limited the reproduction of ideas that did not fit church teachings
• Who were the two ancient individuals whose work the church encouraged people to follow?

  Hippocrates and Galen
• How did the church influence the education of doctors in medieval England?

  The church funded universities and controlled the training of doctors
• What was the impact of the church's control on the practice of dissection?

  Dissection was limited, preventing doctors from discovering new ideas
• How did the government compare to the church in terms of power over people's lives during medieval England?

  The government had little power to improve health or public health
• What was the belief regarding God and sin in relation to disease during the medieval period?

  Disease was seen as a punishment from God or a test of faith
• How did the lack of scientific knowledge affect people's beliefs about disease?

  It made it difficult for people to challenge the church's teachings
• What religious practices did people engage in to treat diseases they believed were caused by God?

  They might say prayers, attend Catholic Mass, or go on pilgrimages
• What was believed about the king's touch in relation to disease?

  The king was believed to have the ability to cure diseases like scrofula
• How did people try to prevent disease in relation to their behavior?

  They aimed to live a sin-free life and keep themselves clean
• What was the astrological belief regarding health during the medieval period?

  Health might be affected by the position of the planets and stars
• How did the church initially respond to the idea of astrology?

  The church resisted it because it resembled fortune-telling
• How did the acceptance of astrology by the church change after the Black Death?

  The church began to encourage astrology as it fit with Hippocrates' writings
• What was the four humors theory in medieval medicine?

  It was the idea that the body contained four liquids that needed to be balanced
• What were the four humors identified in the theory?

  Blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
• How did the four humors theory influence treatments?

  Treatments were designed to restore balance among the humors
• What treatment might be used if a patient had too much blood according to the four humors theory?

  Bloodletting
• What was the treatment of opposites in medieval medicine?

  It involved giving a treatment with opposite characteristics to the humor that was out of balance
• What was the purpose of a regimen sanitatis?

  It was a detailed list of instructions on health and hygiene
• What was the belief regarding miasma in medieval medicine?

  Bad air and smell from rotting matter could make you sick
• Who influenced the idea of miasma in medieval medicine?

  Hippocrates and Galen
• How did the church view the connection between bad smells and sin?

  The church linked bad smells to sinfulness, such as with lepers
• What were some common practices to prevent disease related to miasma?

  People bathed regularly and kept their homes clean
• What types of healers were available during the medieval period?

  Physicians, apothecaries, and barber-surgeons
• What was the role of physicians in medieval medicine?

  They diagnosed diseases and recommended treatments for wealthy patients
• What was the main textbook used for training physicians in medieval England?

  The Art of Healing
• How did apothecaries differ from physicians?

  Apothecaries mixed remedies and were more affordable than physicians
• What was the role of barber-surgeons in medieval medicine?

  They performed basic surgeries like tooth pulling
• What type of care did hospitals provide during the medieval period?

  Hospitals provided hospitality rather than medical care
• Who typically treated patients in hospitals during medieval times?

  Nuns or monks
• What was the treatment approach for most ordinary people during the medieval period?

  Treatment was often carried out at home by women in the family
• What was the significance of the Black Death outbreak in 1348?

  It led to new ideas and prevention methods regarding disease
• What were the two versions of the Black Death?

  Bubonic and pneumonic versions
• What were the symptoms of the bubonic version of the Black Death?

  It caused buboes or swellings on the patient's body
• What was the main belief about the cause of the Black Death?

  Miasma or bad smell
• What new ideas about the cause of the Black Death emerged after its outbreak?

  Links to volcanic eruptions and contact with the sick
• What religious treatments were continued during the Black Death?


  People continued to pray and use religious practices