pepe

• What are the four major functions of the skeletal structure?

  Shape & Support, Movement, Protection, Blood Production
• How does the skeletal structure provide shape and support to the body?

  It serves as the body's framework, holding vital organs in place and allowing good posture.
• What role do muscles play in movement related to the skeletal structure?

  Muscles attached to bones allow for movement through contraction.
• What is the function of the skeletal structure in terms of protection?

  The skeletal structure protects delicate organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
• How does the skeletal structure contribute to blood production?

  Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow found in certain bones.
• What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  To carry oxygen to the muscles.
• What do white blood cells do?

  They fight infection in the body.
• What is the largest constituent of blood?

  Plasma
• What is the system of joints between the bones called?

  The articular system
• How do muscles facilitate movement through joints?

  When muscles contract, they pull on bones, resulting in movement at the joints.
• What are the three types of joints?

  • Fibrous/Fixed Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints
• What are fibrous joints and their characteristics?

  Fibrous joints permit no movement and include sutures held together by bone.
• What is an example of a fibrous joint?

  The suture of the brain
• What are cartilaginous joints and their characteristics?

  Cartilaginous joints permit slight movement and include synchondrosis and symphysis types.
• What is an example of a synchondrosis joint?

  Hyaline cartilage attaching ribs to the sternum
• What are synovial joints?

  Synovial joints are the most common joints in the body and are freely movable.

  
• What is the primary function of voluntary muscles?

  They can be consciously controlled to create movement.
• What are involuntary muscles?

  Muscles that work without conscious control, mainly involved in life support.
• How does the musculoskeletal system contribute to posture?

  It relies on skeletal muscles working together to maintain body alignment against gravity.
• What causes postural problems?

  Unbalanced skeletal muscles that do not allow for correct alignment.
• How do muscles produce body heat?

  Muscles require energy to contract, which produces heat.
• What is the natural body response to cold?

  Shivering, which involves tiny muscles contracting to produce heat.
• What are the primary types of muscle contractions?

  • Isotonic
  • Isometric
  • Isokinetic

  
• What characterizes isotonic contractions?

  They involve a change in muscle length through contraction.
• What are isometric contractions?

  Contractions where muscle length remains constant despite tension.

  
• What are the two types of isotonic contractions?

  Concentric and eccentric contractions.

  
• What is the role of concentric contractions?

  They propel us forward in activities like running and jumping.
• What is the role of eccentric contractions?

  They help control movements, such as lowering weights.
• What is the purpose of isometric exercises?

  To increase strength and endurance without changing muscle length.
• What are isokinetic exercises?

  Exercises that require specialized equipment to maintain a constant speed throughout the movement.
• What are slow twitch muscle fibers known for?

  They are efficient at using oxygen to generate energy and are resistant to fatigue.
• What type of training enhances slow twitch fibers?

  Endurance training, such as long-distance running or cycling.
• What are fast twitch Type 2B fibers known for?

  They provide explosive power for quick bursts of movement but fatigue rapidly.
• What is the primary characteristic of fast twitch Type 2A fibers?

  They offer a balance between power and endurance and are more fatigue-resistant than Type 2B fibers.
• How can Type 2A muscle fibers adapt through training?

  They can enhance their oxidative capacity with endurance training or increase size with strength training.
• What does the all-or-nothing principle mean in muscle contraction?

  It means all muscle fibers in a motor unit contract together or none contract at all.
• What is the function of the left side of the heart?

  It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body.

  
• Why are the walls of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

  The thickness provides the power needed to pump blood throughout the entire body.
• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  Two atria and two ventricles.
• What are the steps of how the heart works?

  1. Oxygen-poor blood flows into the right atrium.
  2. Blood flows into the right ventricle.
  3. Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
  4. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium.
  5. Blood flows into the left ventricle.
  6. Left ventricle pumps blood to the body.