respiration

• What is the main source of energy for most organisms?

  Molecules of glucose
• What process do organisms use to release energy from glucose?

  Cellular respiration
• How is cellular respiration described in terms of energy transfer?

  As an exothermic reaction
• What does the term "exothermic" mean in the context of cellular respiration?

  It means the reaction releases energy
• Where does aerobic respiration take place in cells?

  In the mitochondria
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid
• Why do organisms prefer aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient at breaking down glucose
• What happens to lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?

  It builds up and must be removed later
• What is the product of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
• What is the process called when yeast converts glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide?

  Fermentation
• How do we use fermentation in the food industry?

  • Yeast is added to bread to produce carbon dioxide
  • Carbon dioxide creates air pockets, making bread light and fluffy
  • Yeast is used to produce alcohol in beer and wine
• What is metabolism defined as?

  All the chemical processes that occur within a living organism
• What role do enzymes play in cellular reactions?

  They catalyze most of the reactions in our cells
• What is the key point to remember about aerobic respiration?

  It takes place whenever there's enough oxygen
• How does the equation for aerobic respiration relate to photosynthesis?

  It is the exact opposite of the photosynthesis equation
• What is respiration?

  It is the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose.
• What is the primary source of energy for the body?

  Food
• Why is respiration considered a universal process?

  Because it occurs in every cell of all living organisms, all the time.
• Where does respiration occur?

  In every cell of all living organisms
• Can the energy released by respiration be used directly?

  No, it cannot be used directly.
• What type of respiration does not use oxygen?

  Anaerobic respiration
• What do animals produce during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• What do plants and fungi produce during anaerobic respiration?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What are the key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic respiration uses oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces more energy than anaerobic.
  • Anaerobic produces lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in plants and fungi).
• What is the first question regarding anaerobic respiration in plants?

  Name the product(s) of anaerobic respiration in plants.
• Why is it advantageous for organisms to respire aerobically rather than anaerobically?

  Aerobic respiration produces more energy.
• What is the procedure to detect carbon dioxide production in respiration experiments?

  1. Use a sealed tube with a gauze layer.
  2. Place beans on the gauze.
  3. Leave for a specified time (e.g., an hour).
  4. Observe the effect on hydrogen-carbonate indicator.
• How can the energy transferred by heat during respiration be measured?

  1. Prepare two sets of beans in vacuum flasks.
  2. Seal the flasks and insert thermometers.
  3. Record temperature daily for a week.
  4. Compare temperature changes between control and experimental flasks.
• What happens to the temperature in the control flask during the respiration experiment?

  The temperature will increase compared to the control flask.
• What is the humorous remark made about the beans in the lab?

  My beans keep disappearing from the lab - must be runner beans.
• What are the main components of respiration experiments mentioned?

  • Detection of carbon dioxide production
  • Measurement of heat energy transferred
  • Use of beans or other organisms
• Why is it important to know the word equations for respiration?

  To compare the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
• How can you extend the respiration experiment with hydrogen-carbonate indicator?

  By timing how long it takes for the indicator to change color.
• What humorous anecdote is mentioned in the study material?

  My friend Anne O'Robic is rather odd — I only see her at the gym.
• What small organisms can be used in respiration experiments?

  Woodlice or maggots