Chap 1 ideological basis

• What does the word "Ideology" mean?

  The "Science of Ideas."
• What is an "idea" in the context of ideology?

  An idea is a basic concept on which a system is built.
• How is ideology defined?

  It is the set of views, values, and goals of a group or country.
• How does ideology relate to people's sense of right and wrong?

  It is deeply embedded in people's sense of right and wrong.
• What role does ideology play in human actions?

  It gives life order and meaning to human actions.
• Who coined the term "ideology"?

  French philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy.
• What was the focus of Antoine Destutt de Tracy's definition of ideology?

  How ideas influenced human behavior and society.
• What does ideology aim to make people aware of?

  The current political, social, and economic processes.
• What does a country's ideology provide to its citizens?

  A sense of direction and perspective.
• What does the value of any ideology depend on?

  How committed its adherents are to it.
• How does ideology contribute to national cohesion?

  It explains national rights and obligations.
• In what way does ideology empower people?

  It gives people the strength to overcome obstacles to accomplish their goals.
• What does Pakistan's ideology emphasize?

  The preservation of Islamic values and ideals.
• What can sometimes result from ideology?

  Revolution and new approaches.
• What was the ideological foundation for the Muslims of the subcontinent?

  To fight for their identity, rights, separate country, and national welfare.
• Why is Pakistan's existence dependent on its ideology?

  It is the ideology that gave rise to Pakistan.
• What was the primary purpose of founding Pakistan?

  To put Islamic teachings into practice.
• What are the key principles that form the basis of Pakistani ideology?

  • Influenced by economic and social hardships faced by Muslims in colonial India.
  • Aimed at preserving Muslim identity within a predominantly Hindu society.
  • Focused on achieving social and economic fairness.
• What challenges did Muslims face after the War of Independence?

  Numerous hurdles and disadvantages as a religious minority.
• What happened to land ownership during British rule?

  It transferred into the hands of British and Hindu elites.
• How did the British view Muslims after the War of Independence?

  As the main reason for the war and potentially rebellious.
• What economic status did Muslims experience after 1857?

  A deterioration in their economic status.
• What was a significant economic opportunity lost by Muslims?

  Commercial and trade opportunities shrank.
• What were some examples of economic inequality faced by Muslims?

  • Discrepancies in land ownership.
  • Limited access to modern education.
  • Discrimination in the workplace.
• How did land ownership disparities affect Muslims?

  It resulted in economic inequality.
• What was the impact of limited access to education on Muslims?

  It hampered their ability to compete for skilled occupations.
• What was a common issue Muslims faced in the workplace?

  Discrimination in getting jobs.
• How did communal tensions affect Muslims economically?

  They suffered disproportionately during riots.
• What financial challenges did Muslims encounter?

  Lack of access to credit and financial resources.
• How did the zamindari system exploit rural Muslims?

  By enforcing excessive land rents and taxes.
• What did the socioeconomic conditions of Muslims lead to?

  Their demands for social and economic fairness.
• What were the social and political challenges faced by Muslims during British rule?

  • Political sidelining and underrepresentation.
  • Disregard for Muslim cultural practices.
  • Social shame and communal tensions.
• What tactic did the British use to maintain control over Indian society?

  A "divide and rule" tactic.
• How did the British education system affect Muslims?

  It marginalized their cultural practices and traditions.
• What was the result of the British preference for Hindus in job placements?

  Muslims felt politically excluded.
• How did Muslims react to the Simon Commission in 1927?

  They were outraged and sought Indian representation.
• What happened to Muslim leaders during political upheaval?

  Many were arrested or silenced.
• What was the Hindi Urdu Controversy?

  A significant Hindu assault on Muslim heritage regarding language.
• What did Muslims believe about Islam and Hinduism?

  They are two social orders of life with distinct cultures.
• What is the foundation of Muslim nationhood according to Pakistani ideology?

  It is not based on territorial, racial, linguistic, or ethnic factors.