Chap 2 Establishment of Pakistan

• In what year was the Simla Deputation held?

  1906
• What was the main claim of the Indian National Congress when it was formed in 1885?

  To safeguard the interests of all communities in the Indian subcontinent
• What was the Congress's opposition to the partition of Bengal in 1905 perceived as by the Muslim community?

  It created mistrust among Muslims towards the Congress
• What was the impact of Hindu nationalist movements on the Muslim community?

  It posed a threat to the Muslim community
• What event in 1857 affected the Muslim community's confidence?

  The failure of the War of Independence
• Who led the delegation of Muslims that met with Lord Minto in 1906?

  Sir Agha Khan
• What was one of the demands presented by the Muslim delegation to the Viceroy?

  Introduction of separate electorates for Muslims
• What did the delegation demand regarding government services?

  A quota must be reserved for Muslims
• What was one of the demands regarding the judiciary made by the delegation?

  Muslim judges should be appointed in courts for Muslim cases
• What did the delegation highlight about Muslims in India?

  They demanded additional seats in legislative assemblies
• What status did the delegation demand for the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College?

  It should be granted university status
• How did Lord Minto respond to the Muslim delegation's demands?

  He showed respect and ensured their demands would be considered
• What were the successes of the Simla Deputation for the Muslim community?

  • Bridged the gap between Muslims and the British government
  • Boosted the confidence of the Muslim community
  • Paved the way for the establishment of the All India Muslim League
  • Accepted demand for separate electorates through the 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms
  • Recognized Muslims as a separate nation
  • Enabled Muslims to present demands directly to the British government
• What was established as a result of the Simla Deputation?

  The All India Muslim League
• What was the main objective of the All India Muslim League?

  To protect the rights of the Muslim community
• When was the first annual session of the All India Muslim League held?

  December 30, 1907
• Who was elected as the president of the All India Muslim League during its first session?

  Sir Agha Khan
• What was one of the objectives of the All India Muslim League regarding the British Government?

  To present Muslim demands respectfully
• What were the salient provisions of the Minto-Morley Reforms (1909)?

  1. Acceptance of separate electorates for Muslims
  2. Increased membership of Central and Provincial Councils
  3. Enhanced powers of Legislative Councils
  4. Inclusion of Indians in the Executive Council
  5. Local Bodies allowed to elect representatives
• What was the significance of the Minto-Morley Reforms for Muslims?

  It recognized Muslims as a separate nation
• What were the key points agreed upon during the Lucknow Pact (1916)?

  1. Acceptance of separate electorates for Muslims by Congress
  2. Ensuring provincial autonomy and empowered councils
  3. One-third (1/3) Muslim representation in the central council
  4. Rejection of bills opposed by three-fourths (3/4) of a community
• What was the outcome regarding Muslim representation in legislative councils as per the Lucknow Pact?

  Muslim representation was ensured in both majority and minority provinces
• What were the main objectives of the Khilafat Movement (1919)?

  1. Preservation of the Turkish Khilafat
  2. Respect for Muslim sacred places
  3. Retention of territories under Turkey's control before the war
• Who were some prominent leaders of the Khilafat Movement?

  Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Maulana Shokat Ali, Hakeem Ajmal Khan
• What action did the Khilafat leaders take to emphasize their demands?

  They organized rallies and protests
• What was the outcome of the delegation sent to England regarding the Khilafat issue?

  The delegation returned empty-handed
• What was the British government's attitude towards the Turkish issue during the Khilafat Movement?

  It was not favorable
• Who was a prominent Hindu leader that joined the Khilafat movement?

  Gandhi
• What was the peak of Hindu-Muslim unity during the Khilafat movement?

  Gandhi earned respect from the Muslim community
• What did Gandhi advise Muslims to do during the Khilafat movement?

  Resign from government jobs and boycott courts
• Who issued a fatwa during the Hijrat movement?

  Maulana Abdul Bari Farangi and Maulana Abu al-Kalam Azad
• What did the fatwa during the Hijrat movement declare about India?

  India was a "Dar ul Harb (House of War)"
• What was the consequence of the fatwa issued during the Hijrat movement?

  Approximately 18,000 Muslims attempted to migrate to Afghanistan
• What happened when Muslims attempted to migrate to Afghanistan?

  The Afghan government refused to accept them
• Why did Gandhi call off the Khilafat movement?

  Due to the violent activities of the Mopals and the Chauri Chaura incident
• What was the outcome of the Mopals' rebellion during the Khilafat movement?

  Nearly 400 Mopals were killed by the British government
• What event led Gandhi to call off the non-cooperation movement?

  The mob set fire to 22 policemen in Chauri Chaura
• What was the result of the Khilafat movement?

  It ultimately ended in failure
• Who abolished the historical institution of the Khilafat?

  Mustafa Kamal Ataturk
• What lesson did Muslims learn from the Khilafat movement?

  Not to trust Gandhi's philosophy