Religion

• What was the role of religion during the reign of Henry the Seventh?

  Religion was central to the lives of all Englishmen.
• How much land and money did the Church possess during Henry the Seventh's reign?

  The Church owned a third of all lands and had considerable money.
• Who led the Church and where was its leadership based?

  The Church was led by the Pope in Rome.
• Did the Pope frequently interfere with Henry the Seventh's reign?

  No, the Pope rarely interfered with Henry the Seventh.
• Who were some influential churchmen during Henry the Seventh's reign?

  Richard Fox and John Morton were influential churchmen.
• What roles did bishops and abbots have in the government?

  Bishops and abbots were members of the House of Lords.
• What was the central religious experience for Catholics during this time?

  The central religious experience was the Holy Communion, also known as the Eucharist.
• What does transubstantiation refer to?

  Transubstantiation refers to the bread and wine being transformed into the body and blood of Jesus.
• What were the sacraments recognized by the Catholic Church?

  The sacraments included baptism, confirmation, marriage, anointing of the sick, penance, Holy Orders, and Eucharist.
• What social roles did the Church play in everyday life?

  • Hosted festivals and holidays
  • Provided charity through voluntary associations
  • Served as a central community gathering place
• What were chantries and their purpose?

  Chantries were chapels where masses were said for the souls of the dead.
• How were chantries financed?

  Chantries were often financed by benefactors who made charitable donations.
• What was the significance of pilgrimages in the Catholic faith?

  Pilgrimages were undertaken to gain time off purgatory and visit holy sites.
• Who was Thomas Becket in relation to pilgrimages?

  Thomas Becket was a saint whose tomb was a popular pilgrimage site.
• What were some criticisms of the Church during Henry the Seventh's reign?

  Criticisms included corruption, absentee clergy, and moral failings.
• What percentage of the adult population were monks?

  1% of the adult population were monks.
• What was the most common type of monk during this period?

  The most common type of monk was the Benedictines.
• How did friars differ from monks?

  Friars relied on donations from the community and worked alongside laypeople.
• Why did nuns have less prestige than monks and friars?

  Nuns were mostly women deemed unsuitable for marriage and often lived in poverty.
• Who founded the Lollards and what did they oppose?

  The Lollards were founded by John Wycliffe and opposed the Catholic Church.
• What was one of the main beliefs of the Lollards?

  They believed the Bible should be translated into English.
• How did humanists view parish churches?

  Humanists believed parish churches were of poor quality and needed improvement.
• Who was a famous humanist critical of the Church?

  Erasmus was a famous humanist critical of the Church.
• What did humanists condemn about the Church's practices?

  Humanists condemned the Church's practice of selling indulgences.
• How did humanism's influence in England compare to the rest of Europe?

  Humanism had limited influence in England compared to the rest of Europe.