social determinants

• What are social determinants of health (SDH)?

  Non-medical factors that influence health outcomes
• Why is it important to address social determinants of health?

  To ensure basic human rights and improve quality of life
• What are the moral reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • Basic human right (United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 25, 1948)
  • To live a life of quality
  • For a more equal society
• What are the social reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • To enable positive socialisation (i.e. family and community life)
  • To participate in civic duties
• What are the economic reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • Higher educational attainment
  • Healthy working-age population that works for a longer time span
  • Boost in economy and prosperity of country
• What are some examples of social determinants of health?

  • Income and social protection
  • Education
  • Unemployment and job insecurity
  • Working life conditions
  • Food insecurity
  • Housing, basic amenities and the environment
  • Early childhood development
  • Social inclusion and non-discrimination
  • Structural conflict
  • Access to affordable health services of decent quality
• What does the SDH Framework indicate?

  It shows multiple causes of uncontrollable and controllable factors influencing health
• What is the "Policy Rainbow" in the context of social determinants of health?

  It identifies areas of policy intervention to reduce controllable factors

  
• What is intersectionality?

  It refers to how multiple forms of inequality compound and create obstacles
• Who coined the term 'intersectionality'?

  Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
• What factors contribute to health inequalities?

  Social inequality, ethnicity, gender, mental health, and disability

  
• What does the WHO define as health inequalities?

  Differences in health status or distribution of health determinants between groups
• How does social situation affect health status?

  It impacts lifespan and the chance of developing diseases

  
• What is the social gradient in health?

  Health and illness follow a social gradient across all income levels

  
• What historical document highlighted health inequalities in the UK?

  The Black Report (1980)
• What were the findings of the Marmot Review?

  It outlined six policy objectives to address health inequalities
• What are the six policy objectives of the Marmot Review?

  1. Give every child the best start in life
  2. Enable all children, young people and adults to maximize their capabilities
  3. Create fair employment and good work for all
  4. Ensure healthy standard of living for all
  5. Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities
  6. Strengthen the role and impact of ill-health prevention
• What are social determinants of health (SDH)?

  Non-medical factors that influence health outcomes
• Why is it important to address social determinants of health?

  To ensure basic human rights and improve quality of life
• What are the moral reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • Basic human right (UN Declaration of Human Rights)
  • To live a life of quality
  • For a more equal society
• What are the social reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • Enable positive socialisation (family and community life)
  • Participate in civic duties
• What are the economic reasons for addressing social determinants of health?

  • Higher educational attainment
  • Healthy working-age population
  • Boost in economy and prosperity
• What are some examples of social determinants of health?

  • Income and social protection
  • Education
  • Unemployment and job insecurity
  • Working life conditions
  • Food insecurity
  • Housing and environment
  • Early childhood development
  • Social inclusion and non-discrimination
  • Structural conflict
  • Access to affordable health services
• What does the SDH Framework indicate?

  • Multiple causes of health influences
  • "Policy Rainbow" for intervention areas
  • Importance of intersectional approaches
• What impact do economic conditions have on living and working conditions?

  They can lead to poorer living and working conditions
• How do economic conditions affect social and community networks?

  They can weaken social and community networks
• What lifestyle factors can be impacted by economic conditions?

  They can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices
• How do economic conditions influence health and wellbeing?

  They can negatively affect health and wellbeing
• Who coined the term 'intersectionality'?

  Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw
• What does intersectionality refer to?

  It refers to the compounding of multiple forms of inequality
• What is the diversity wheel?

  • Developed by Marilyn Loden and Judy Rosener
  • Framework for thinking about diversity dimensions
  • Useful for understanding how characteristics intersect with systems
• How does the WHO define health inequalities?

  Differences in health status or health determinants between population groups
• What factors contribute to health inequalities?

  Social inequality, ethnicity, gender, mental health, and disability

  
• How does social situation affect health status?

  It impacts lifespan and disease development
• What is the social gradient in health?

  • Health and illness follow a social gradient in all income levels
  • Gap in health between most and least deprived in the UK
  • Focus on both the most deprived and those in the middle
• What historical reports have documented health inequalities in the UK?

  • The Black Report (1980)
  • Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (1998)
  • Marmot Review (2010)
• What are the six policy objectives of the Marmot Review?

  1. Best start in life for every child
  2. Maximise capabilities for all
  3. Fair employment and good work
  4. Healthy standard of living for all
  5. Healthy and sustainable communities
  6. Strengthen ill-health prevention
• What trend was observed in life expectancy among women in deprived areas between 2010-2012 and 2016-2018?

  Life expectancy fell among women in the most deprived areas

  
• What is the relationship between low birth weight and health behaviours?

  Low birth weight is linked to poor prenatal care and substance abuse
• How does socio-economic status relate to maternal health?

  Maternal health is related to socio-economic status