Coordination

• What must organisms be able to do in response to changes in their environments?

  Respond to changes in their internal and external environments
• Why must living organisms respond to internal and external stimuli?

  To survive
• What are some examples of internal and external environmental changes that organisms might respond to?

  • Internal Environment:
  • Blood glucose concentration
  • Internal body temperature
  • Water potential
  • Cell pH
  • External Environment:
  • Humidity
  • External temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Sound
• What type of communication systems do plants use to respond to changes?

  Hormones
• How do animals react to changes in their environment?

  Through electrical responses via neurones and chemical responses via hormones
• What does the term 'homeostasis' refer to?

  The maintenance of relatively constant conditions inside the body
• How do cells communicate with each other?

  A cell releases a chemical that affects a target cell
• What role do glycoproteins play in cell signaling?

  They act as receptors for cell signaling and are important for cell adhesion
• How do plant cells demonstrate cell signaling?

  They have cell surface receptors that respond to specific molecules
• Why is coordination needed in organisms?

  • To respond to internal and external changes
  • To maintain homeostasis
  • To ensure different cells and organs work together
• What organs work together to maintain a constant blood glucose concentration?

  Digestive organs, exocrine pancreas, endocrine pancreas, and liver
• What part of the plasma membrane is involved in cell signaling?

  Glycoproteins
• Do plants have a nervous system like animals?

  No, plants do not have a nervous system
• What happens when binding occurs at receptors in plant cells?

  It can change chemical pathways within the cell
• How do plant cells respond to soluble molecules?

  They can be carried in both the xylem and phloem
• What is required for coordination in a multicellular organism?

  • Organisms must respond to internal/external changes for survival
  • Coordination occurs through electrical impulses/nervous system in animals
  • Chemicals/hormones/hormonal system in plants/animals
  • Different cells rely on others for materials/removal of waste
  • Different organs work together to ensure homeostasis
  • Cells communicate through cell signaling
• Compare and contrast coordination in animals and plants.

  • Animals:
  • Use electrical impulses via the nervous system
  • Quick responses to stimuli
  • Plants:
  • Use hormones for communication
  • Slower responses to environmental changes
• What is a named example of a hormone involved in coordination?

  Insulin
• What is a named example of a chemical that different cells rely on for materials?

  Glucose
• What is a named example of an organ that works with others to ensure homeostasis?

  Brain
• How do cells communicate through cell signaling?

  By releasing chemicals that affect target cells
• What is an example of where cell signaling occurs?

  Across a synapse using neurotransmitters