Science FORM 2 revision

• What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

  The diaphragm goes down, resulting in a bigger chest cavity.
• How do the ribs move during inhalation?

  The ribs go up and out during inhalation.
• What causes the lungs to expand during inhalation?

  The lungs expand because the ribs go up.
• What is a drug?

  A drug is a chemical that has an effect on the body.
• What are recreational drugs taken for?

  Recreational drugs are taken for pleasure.
• What are the main categories of drugs mentioned?

  The main categories are painkillers, hallucinogens, stimulants, and depressants.
• What is tar in relation to smoking?

  Tar is a sticky black material that collects in the lungs and irritates airways.
• What effect does nicotine have on the body?

  Nicotine is an addictive drug that causes the heart to beat faster and narrows blood vessels.
• What is carbon monoxide and its effect on the body?

  Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that prevents blood from carrying oxygen by binding in its place.
• What is emphysema?

  Emphysema is a condition where chemicals affect alveoli, making them weak and unable to inflate properly.
• What happens in heart disease?

  In heart disease, arteries become blocked, preventing blood from flowing.
• What is a respiratory infection?

  A respiratory infection prevents cilia from moving, which stops the removal of mucus from the lungs.
• What is the effect of smoking on the lungs?

  Smoking causes damage to the lungs, leading to coughing and further complications.
• What indicates a stronger magnetic field according to magnetic field lines?

  If the magnetic field lines are closer together, it shows the magnetic field is stronger.
• What is a permanent magnet?

  A permanent magnet is a magnet that has its own magnetic field.
• What happens to a magnet placed in a magnetic field?

  A magnet will experience a force if it is placed in or moved through a magnetic field.
• What is an electromagnet?

  An electromagnet is a magnet that can be turned on and off.
• How is an electromagnet created?

  An electromagnet is made when current is passed through a coil of wire wrapped around a core.
• What material is usually used for the core of an electromagnet?

  The core is usually made of iron.
• How can the strength of an electromagnet be changed?

  The strength of the electromagnet can be changed by altering the number of coils or the voltage.
• What are the parts of the gas exchange system and their functions?

  • Trachea: Air passage to the lungs
  • Bronchi: Branches that lead to each lung
  • Alveoli: Sites of gas exchange
  • Diaphragm: Muscle that aids in breathing
  • Ribs: Protect lungs and assist in breathing
• What are the differences between inhaled and exhaled air?

  • Inhaled air: Higher oxygen content, lower carbon dioxide
  • Exhaled air: Lower oxygen content, higher carbon dioxide
• What are the effects of recreational and medicinal drugs?

  • Recreational drugs: Taken for pleasure, can lead to addiction and health issues
  • Medicinal drugs: Taken for medical reasons, to treat illnesses or conditions
• What are the effects of tobacco smoke on health?

  • Causes lung diseases
  • Increases risk of heart disease
  • Affects fetal development during pregnancy
• What are the main features of magnets and magnetic fields?

  • Permanent magnets have their own magnetic field
  • Magnetic field lines indicate strength and direction
  • Electromagnets can be turned on and off
• What are the uses of electromagnets?

  • Used in electric motors
  • Used in magnetic locks
  • Used in MRI machines
• How does the Earth's magnetic field work?

  • The Earth has a magnetic field that affects compasses
  • Magnetic field lines show the direction of the magnetic force
• What are the effects of alcohol on health and behavior?

  • Impairs judgment and coordination
  • Affects liver function and can lead to addiction
  • Can affect conception and pregnancy
• How do the actions of the ribcage and diaphragm lead to inhaling and exhaling?

  • During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, ribs move up and out, increasing chest cavity volume.
  • During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves up, ribs move down and in, decreasing chest cavity volume.
• What is the bell-jar model used for in studying breathing?

  • The bell-jar model demonstrates how the diaphragm and ribcage work together to facilitate breathing.
• What are the similarities and differences between the bell jar and the breathing system?

  • Similarities: Both demonstrate the mechanics of inhalation and exhalation.
  • Differences: The bell jar is a simplified model, while the breathing system is complex and involves biological processes.
• How can the strength of an electromagnet be altered?

  • By changing the number of coils around the core
  • By adjusting the voltage supplied to the coil
• What is the significance of the magnetic field lines around a magnet?

  • They indicate the strength and direction of the magnetic field.
• What are the effects of smoking on respiratory health?

  • Causes chronic cough
  • Leads to respiratory infections
  • Damages lung tissue and reduces lung function
• What is the role of alveoli in the gas exchange system?

  • Alveoli are the sites where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood.
• What are the main components of the gas exchange system?

  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Alveoli
  • Diaphragm
• What is the importance of providing information about alcohol consumption to the public?

  • To raise awareness of health risks associated with alcohol
  • To inform about effects on pregnancy and fetal development
• How does smoking affect fetal development?

  • Chemicals in tobacco smoke can harm the developing fetus, leading to complications.
• What is the effect of recreational drugs on health?

  • Recreational drugs can lead to addiction, health issues, and impaired judgment.
• What is the difference between permanent magnets and electromagnets?

  • Permanent magnets have a constant magnetic field, while electromagnets can be turned on and off.