(G.P) Ottoman

• Ottoman Empire


  A vast and influential imperial state that existed from the 13th to the 20th century, founded by Osman I and expanding under Suleiman the Magnificent
• Ottoman Empire internal problems


  Overextension, inefficient administration, corruption, and nationalism/ethnic tensions
• Ottoman Empire decline


  Caused by internal problems (overextension, corruption, ethnic tensions), external pressures (European powers, Russian expansion), economic decline, and military/technological weaknesses
• Osman I

  Founder of the Ottoman Empire (1281-1326)
• Mehmed II

  Conquered Constantinople, became known as "The Conqueror" (1451-1481)
• Suleiman the Magnificent


  Expanded empire into Eastern Europe, Egypt, and the Middle East (1520-1566)
• What was the time period of the Ottoman Empire?

  1300-1918
• Who was the leader that took Constantinople?

  Mehmed II
• What did Mehmed II rename Constantinople to?

  Istanbul
• What system was used in the Ottoman Empire to recruit Christian boys for military and government roles?

  Devshirme system
• What age range did the Christian boys recruited through the Devshirme system fall into?

  1. 20 years old
• What opportunities did the Devshirme system provide for the recruited boys' families?

  Social mobility
• What were the elite forces in the Ottoman Empire known as?

  Janissaries
• What role did tax collection play in the Ottoman Empire?

  It was a crucial part of the empire's administration
• What were the contributions of the Ottoman Empire to arts and architecture?

  • Construction of mosques (e.g., Suleymaniye Mosque)
  • Building of forts
  • Development of other arts (e.g., poetry)
• What was the dominant religion of the Ottoman Empire?

  Sunni Islam
• How did the Ottoman Empire's tolerance of other groups change under Suleiman compared to later rulers?

  • Under Suleiman, the empire was mostly tolerant of other groups.
  • Later rulers were less tolerant.
• What time period did the Ottoman Empire span?

  From the late Medieval period to the early 20th Century
• How was the Ottoman Empire characterized in terms of religion?

  It was characterized by a complex tapestry of religious beliefs
• What was the primary religion of the Ottoman rulers?

  Sunni Islam
• How did Osman I and subsequent rulers view their roles?

  They saw themselves as both political and spiritual leaders
• How did the Ottoman rulers consolidate their authority?

  Through the support of religious scholars
• What was promoted as the state religion of the Ottoman Empire?

  Sunni Islam
• What title did the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire hold?

  Caliph
• What does the title of Caliph signify?

  His role as the political and spiritual successor to Prophet Muhammad
• How were the empire’s legal and administrative systems influenced?

  They were deeply influenced by Islamic law, or Sharia
• What role did religious institutions play in the Ottoman Empire?

  They played a crucial role in governance
• What responsibility did the Ottoman rulers have regarding Islam?

  They were responsible for protecting and fostering Islam
• How did the Ottoman Empire manifest its duty to protect and foster Islam?

  • Construction of mosques
  • Establishment of madrasas
  • Creation of charitable institutions