Animal&Plant Diseases

• What is an example of a bacterial animal disease?

  Tuberculosis
• What causes tuberculosis in animals?

  1. tuberculosis and M. bovis
• Which animals are affected by tuberculosis?

  Humans, cows, pigs, badgers, and deer
• What are the effects of tuberculosis on the body?

  It damages lung tissue and suppresses the immune system
• How can tuberculosis be treated and prevented?

  It is curable with antibiotics and preventable with vaccination and good living conditions
• What is another example of a bacterial animal disease?

  Bacterial meningitis
• What bacteria cause bacterial meningitis?

  1. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis
• What part of the body does bacterial meningitis affect?

  The meninges of the brain
• What can bacterial meningitis lead to if not treated early?

  Septicaemia and death
• How can bacterial meningitis be treated?

  With antibiotics if delivered early
• What protects against some strains of bacterial meningitis?

  Vaccinations
• What is an example of a viral animal disease?

  HIV/AIDS
• What virus causes HIV/AIDS?

  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• What does HIV target in the body?

  T helper cells
• What is the effect of HIV on the immune system?

  It gradually destroys the immune system
• What are some diseases that people with HIV are more susceptible to?

  TB, pneumonia, and some types of cancer
• What type of virus is HIV?

  A retrovirus
• What is unique about the genetic material of HIV?

  It has RNA as its genetic material
• What enzyme does HIV contain to interact with the host's DNA?

  Reverse transcriptase
• Is there a cure or vaccination for HIV?

  No, but anti-retroviral drugs can extend life
• What is another example of a viral animal disease?

  Influenza
• What does influenza kill in the body?

  Ciliated epithelial cells in the ventilation system
• Who is most at risk from influenza?

  The very young, old, and chronically ill
• How is influenza classified?

  Strains A, B, or C, with A being the most virulent
• Why is there no vaccination or cure for influenza?

  Due to the frequent mutation of the flu virus
• What can small mutations of the flu virus provide to previous sufferers?

  Some immunity the following year
• What can big mutations of the flu virus cause?

  Epidemics
• What is an example of a protoctist disease?

  Malaria
• What causes malaria?

  The Plasmodium protoctist
• How is malaria spread?

  Via the Anopheles mosquito vector
• Where does the Plasmodium protoctist reproduce?

  Inside the mosquito
• What does malaria invade in the human body?

  Red blood cells, liver, and brain
• What does malaria make people weak to?

  Other infections
• Is there a vaccine for malaria?

  Yes, against Plasmodium falciparum malaria
• What are some preventative methods against malaria?

  Antimalarials, insecticides, and mosquito nets
• What is an example of a fungal disease affecting mammals?

  Ringworm
• What do different fungi cause in mammals?

  Grey, crusty, infectious areas of skin
• How can ringworm be treated?

  With anti-fungal creams
• What is an example of a human fungal disease?

  Athlete's foot
• What causes athlete's foot?

  1. pedis