Separation Methods

• *Chromatography*

  • (Separates solutions with a number of different solutes in the solvent)
  • Place a drop of the solution to be separated near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper. Dip the very bottom of te paper into a suitable solvent. The solvent moves up the paper and carries the solutes in the solution with it
  • Different solutes move at different speeds, so they separate on paper
• Solvent


  Able to dissolve other substances
• Solute


  A dissolved substance
• *Filtration*

  • (Separates mixtures that contain insoluble solids and liquids)
  • Preformed by pouring the mixture through filter paper:
  • The insoluble solids is trapped by the filter paper
  • The liquid runs through the filter paper and is collected
• *Crystallisation*

  • (Separates solutions into their different parts, dissolved solids/solutes and liquids/solvents)
  • preformed by heating the mixture so the solvent evaporates
  • Eventually crystals of the solute will form
  • Collect the solvent by condensing it as it evaporates
• *Distillation*

  • (Separates 2 liquids with different boiling points)
  • Mixture heated until liquid with lower boiling point starts to boil
  • Vapour released passes through condenser, where the gas cools back into a liquid
• *Fractional Distillation*

  • (Separates lots of liquids with different boiling points)
  • The mixture is slowly heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and condenses
  • Then we increase temperature slowly to collect other fractions
• What is this?: Filtration

  
• What is this?: Fractional Distillation

  
• What is this?: Crystallisation

  
• What is this?: Chromatography