moray

• What types of attention did moray study?

  Auditory and selective
• What is the background for moray?

  Broadbent's filter model and Cherry's cocktail party
• What is the term for a task where each ear has different stimulus?

  Dichotic listening task
• What was the task in the first experiment?

  Shadow the attended task which was in one ear whilst ignoring the rejected task in the other ear
• What did they do after ex 1?

  Participants wrote down as many words that they could remember in 30 seconds and then received a recognition task
• What was the rejected task in ex 1?

  A list of words was repeated 35 times
• What was the attended task in ex 1?

  A story
• How were the tasks controlled in ex 1?

  They listened with headphones provided and it was a lab experiment
• What was in the recognition task in ex 1?

  It was based on the rejected and shadowed tasks and included words that were in neither passage
• What was the mean number of words recognised in the attended task ex 1?

  4.9
• What was the mean number of words recognised in the rejected task ex 1?

  1.9
• What was the mean number of words recognised when they weren't in either passage ex 1?

  2.6
• What were ex 2 and 3 looking at?

  What can break the attentional block
• How many participants were in ex 2?

  12 through opportunity sampling
• How many passages were there in ex 2?

  10 but mainly varied in 2 ways
• What were the main passage variations on ex 2?

  Instructions received at the start, instructions in the rejected input during the task
• What were the control passages in ex 2?

  4/10 were control and said (before starting) listen to your right ear with no further instructions
• What was the first instruction for passages 1,3,5 and 7 ex 2?

  Listen to your right ear
• What was the instruction in passage 1 ex 2?

  You may stop now
• What was the instruction in passage 3 ex 2?

  (Name) you may stop now
• What was the instruction in passage 5 ex 2?

  Switch to your other ear
• What was the instruction in passage 7 ex 2?

  (Name) switch to your other ear
• What were the instructions at the start of passages 8 and 10 ex 1?

  Listen to your right ear and you will receive instructions to change ears
• What were the instructions in passage 8 ex 2?

  Change to other ear
• What were the instructions in passage 10 ex 2?

  (Name) change to other ear
• How many times were the instructions affective with name said ex 2?

  29 out of 36
• How many times were the instructions affective without name ex 2?

  4 out of 36
• How many participants were there in ex 3?

  2 groups of 14
• What were the groups asked to do ex 3?

  Shadow one of two messages
• Where were digits in the messages in ex 3?

  Towards the end of the message
• What were the two groups asked to do in ex 3?


  One group was asked to remember as many digits as possible and and one was told that they would be questioned about the shadowed task
• What were the results of ex 3?

  There were no differences in results between the conditions
• What was the overall conclusion?

  That names are strong enough to break the attentional block but digits aren't
• dv for exp 1

  Dependant variable: The number of correctly recognised words in the rejected message
• exp 1 background

  Based on the Cherry's study (1953) First experiment aimed to test Cherry's findingsRepeat measures design- All of the participants took part in both conditions.
• iv for exp 1

  Independent variables: The dichotic listening test (recall from unattended message) The recognition test (21 words, 7 from the shadowed passage,7 from unattended message and 7 similar words not included in either passage
• aim for exp 1


  To see if people shadowing one task could recall anything from the rejected task in the other ear.
• exp 1 procedure

  A short list of simple words was repeated in the unattended ear while the words "shadowed" a prose message in the attended earThe word list was faded in after the shadowing had been done and was of equal intensity to the shadowed messageThe prose was faded out as to become inaudible as the prose finishedThe word list was repeated 35 times, the participant was then asked to report the content of the unattended message30 seconds later, the participant was given the recognition test
• exp 1 results

  Support the findings of CherryThere was no trace of material from the rejected message being recognisedThe difference between the new material and that of the shadowed message was significant at the 1% levelThe 30 second interval is unlikely to have caused the rejected material to have been lost words from early in the shadowed message were recognised
• iv for exp 2

  IV = whether or not instructions in the rejected ear contained the ps' name