ATP energy

• What is removed from ATP by hydrolysis?

  The phosphate group
• In what context does the hydrolysis of ATP occur?

  It happens in association with energy-requiring reactions
• How are energy-requiring reactions and ATP hydrolysis related?

  They happen simultaneously and are coupled
• How is ATP reformed?

  Through a condensation reaction
• Why is ATP considered small?

  Because it can move easily in and out of cells
• What are the properties of ATP that make it suitable for cellular reactions?

  • Water soluble
  • Contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy
  • Energy released in small quantities
  • Easily regenerated
• What type of energy do the bonds between phosphates in ATP provide?

  Intermediate energy suitable for cellular reactions
• What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

  To provide energy for various cellular processes
• What are the main cellular processes that require energy from ATP?

  • Synthesis of proteins
  • Active transport
  • Muscle contraction
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What is the structure of ATP?

  A phosphorylated nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
• What sugar is found in ATP?

  Ribose
• What happens to ATP when water is added?

  It can be broken down to ADP and an inorganic phosphate
• What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP?

  ATPase
• What is released when bonds are formed during ATP reactions?

  A large amount of energy
• What is the reaction equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

  ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi + energy
• How many phosphate groups are in ATP?

  Three phosphate groups
• What is the role of energy in breaking and forming bonds in ATP?

  • A small amount of energy is needed to break the weak bonds holding the phosphate groups
  • A large amount of energy is released when the free phosphate undergoes other reactions involving bond formation
• What do all organisms need to stay alive?

  A constant supply of energy
• Why is energy required in anabolic reactions?

  To build larger molecules from smaller ones
• What is active transport?

  Movement of substances across cell membranes
• What is one function of ATP in animals?

  Muscle contraction
• What is another function of ATP in animals?

  Conduction of nerve impulses
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• What type of molecule is ATP?

  An energy carrying molecule
• What is the structure of ATP?

  It has three phosphate groups
• What is the result of adding a phosphate group to ADP?

  ATP is formed
• What happens during the hydrolysis of ATP?

  ATP is converted to ADP and Pi
• What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP?

  ATP hydrolase
• How is energy released during ATP hydrolysis used in cells?

  For active transport and muscle contraction
• What is the significance of the inorganic phosphate released during ATP hydrolysis?

  It can phosphorylate other compounds
• Why is ATP considered a stable molecule?

  It won't break down without ATPase
• How is ATP recycled in cells?

  By breaking down ADP reversibly
• What is the nature of energy released during ATP hydrolysis?

  It is small quantities of energy
• What type of reaction is ATP synthesis?

  A condensation reaction
• What are the two ways ATP is made?

  Substrate-level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
• What are the key roles of ATP in cellular processes?

  • Provides energy for anabolic reactions
  • Powers active transport across membranes
  • Supports muscle contraction
  • Facilitates conduction of nerve impulses
• What are the steps involved in ATP hydrolysis?

  1. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi
  2. Energy is released for cellular processes
  3. Inorganic phosphate can phosphorylate other compounds
• What is the process of ATP synthesis?

  1. ADP combines with Pi
  2. Catalyzed by ATP synthase
  3. Water is released as a waste product
  4. Occurs during photosynthesis and respiration
• Compare the roles of ATP in different organisms.

  • Used in all organisms for energy
  • Essential for muscle contraction in animals
  • Important for photosynthesis in plants
  • Involved in cellular respiration across species