Mitosis

• What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

  They separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
• What role do spindle fibers play during anaphase?

  They pull the chromatids to opposite poles of the cell.
• What occurs to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

  It begins to break down.
• What happens to chromatin during prophase?

  Chromatin coils and condenses to form chromosomes.
• What structures form during prophase to assist in chromosome movement?

  Protein microtubules form spindle-shaped structures.
• Why are spindle fibers necessary before anaphase?

  They move the chromosomes into the correct positions.
• What happens to centrioles in animal cells during mitosis?

  They migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
• What is the metaphase plate?

  It is the plane in the center of the cell where chromosomes align during metaphase.
• What occurs during telophase?

  The nuclear envelope reforms at each pole of the cell.
• How do chromosomes behave during telophase?

  They begin to uncoil and return to chromatin form.
• What is cytokinesis?

  It is the process where the cell divides into two separate cells.
• What are the differences in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?

  • Animal Cells: A cleavage furrow forms, and the cytoskeleton pulls the membrane inward.
  • Plant Cells: Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus form a cell plate that develops into a new cell wall.
• What forms the cleavage furrow in animal cells during cytokinesis?

  The cytoskeleton pulls the membrane inward.
• How do vesicles contribute to cytokinesis in plant cells?

  They fuse to form a cell plate that divides the cell.
• What happens to the cell wall during cytokinesis in plant cells?

  Sections of the cell wall form along the new cell plate.
• What is the role of the Golgi apparatus during cytokinesis in plant cells?

  It produces vesicles that assemble at the cell plate location.