unit 2

• What are the main components of a computer system?

  Computer architecture, hardware, and software.
• What are the types of computer systems mentioned?

  • Personal computers
  • Workstations
  • Laptops
  • Mobile devices
  • Smart TVs
  • Servers
  • Mainframes
  • Supercomputers
• What is a multi-function device (MFD)?

  A device that combines multiple functions like printing, scanning, and copying.
• What are examples of multi-function devices?

  Printer/scanner/copier and smartphone/tablet.
• What factors affect the choice of hardware?

  User experience, performance, compatibility, and cost efficiency.
• What is the purpose of a hard disk in a computer system?

  To store data and programs.
• What is seek time in relation to hard disks?

  The average time taken for the read/write heads to move to data.
• What is the significance of spindle speed in hard disks?

  It measures how quickly the disk spins.
• What does RAM stand for?

  Random Access Memory.
• What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?

  To control and manage system components and tasks.
• What are the types of operating systems mentioned?

  Real-Time, Single-user single task, Single-user multi-tasking, Multi-user, Distributed, Embedded.
• What is the purpose of utility software?

  To perform specific tasks that benefit the user.
• What are examples of utility software?

  Anti-virus, file compression, and backup software.
• What is open source software?

  Software that makes its source code available to users.
• What are the benefits of open source software?

  Free or low cost, security checks, and adaptability.
• What is data validation?

  The process of checking data to ensure it is within acceptable limits.
• What are the data processing functions?

  • Aggregation
  • Analysis
  • Conversion
  • Reporting
  • Sorting
  • Validation
• What is the purpose of backup and recovery procedures?

  To ensure data can be restored in case of loss.
• What are the types of backup methods?

  Full, Incremental, and Differential.
• What is the Von Neumann architecture?

  A computer architecture with one memory for both programs and data.
• What is cluster computing?

  A system where multiple computers are connected to form a supercomputer.
• What is pipelining in CPU architecture?

  A technique that allows multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously.
• What is the difference between CISC and RISC instruction sets?

  CISC has many instructions, while RISC has fewer and simpler instructions.
• What is the role of registers in a CPU?

  Registers act as fast-access memory within the CPU.
• What is cache memory?

  Fast memory placed between the processor and slower memory devices.
• What is the significance of clock speed in a CPU?

  It determines how quickly instructions are executed.
• What is the purpose of instruction sets in a CPU?

  To define the operations that the CPU can perform.
• How does the Harvard architecture differ from the Von Neumann architecture?

  Harvard has separate memory for programs and data, while Von Neumann has one memory for both.
• What is the role of the Front Side Bus (FSB) in a CPU?

  It is the interface between the CPU and memory.
• What is the purpose of the Program Counter in a CPU?

  To keep track of the next instruction to be executed.
• What is the significance of execution speeds in a CPU?

  Faster execution speeds improve user experience and software compatibility.
• How does multi-threading improve CPU performance?

  It allows multiple threads to be executed simultaneously, improving efficiency.
• What is the function of the Accumulator register?

  To store intermediate results of arithmetic and logic operations.
• What is the purpose of the Instruction Register?

  To hold the current instruction being executed by the CPU.
• What is the role of the Memory Address Register?

  To hold the address of the memory location to be accessed.
• What is the function of the Memory Data Register?

  To hold the data being transferred to or from memory.
• What is the purpose of the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?

  To define the interface between the hardware and software of a computer.
• What is the significance of the Cache in CPU performance?

  Cache improves performance by providing faster access to frequently used data.
• How does the choice of CPU architecture affect overall system performance?

  Different architectures can impact processing speed, power consumption, and compatibility with software.
• What is the function of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in data collection?

  To provide location data for various applications.